Chapter 6 Questions Flashcards
What refers to a single exposure of a hazardous material over a relatively short period of time? A. acute exposure B. Secondary exposure C. primary exposure D. chronic exposure
A. Actue exposure
Which of the following is used for the detection of explosives, chemical warfare agents, and illicit drugs? A. Ion mobility spectrometry B. Gas chromatography (GC) C. Flame ionization detector (FID) D. Halogenated hydrocarbon meter
A. Ion mobility spectrometry
The effects of exposure to biological agents:
A. May not become apparent for several days
B. Are often subtle and difficult to detect
C. Are almost always immediate
D. Mimic exposure to other agents
A. May not become apparent for several days
What value indicates a neutral pH? A. 14 B. 10 C. 7 D. 0
C. 7
When should atmospheric oxygen levels be monitored during an incident? A. Every 30 minutes B. Continuously C. When incident objectives change D. Every 15 minutes
B. Continuously
Which term refers to an atmospheric condition of a substance that poses an immedite threat to the life and can cause irreversible or delayed health effects?
A. Life safety limit
B. Imminent physical health risk
C. Immediately dangerous. To life and health
D. Primary life and health risk
C. Immediately dangerous to life and health
Flammable gas sensors are intended for use:
A. Only in normal oxygen atmospheres
B. In oxygen-deficient atmospheres
C. In both oxygen-deficient and oxygen-enriched atmospheres
D. In ocygen-enriched atmospheres
A. Only in normal oxygen atmospheres
Which detection device is a tool used extensively to measure the presence and identiy of chemicals in the air, water, and soil? A. Flame ionization detector (FID) B. Photonization detector (PID) C. Gas chromatograph (GC) D. Halogenated hydrocarbon meter
C. Gas chromatograph (GC)
Which radiation detection instrument is useful for keeping track of the wearer’s total accumulated radiation dose? A. Dosimeter B. M8 detector C. Geiger-Mueller (GM) detector D. Scintillation detector
A. Dosimeter
The best way to protect against the hazards of toxic chemicals is to:
A. Maintain a distance of at least 10 ft (3 m) from chemicals
B. Prevent exposure
C. Wear one level higher PPE than required
D. Limit hazardous materials response calls
B. Prevent exposure
Which device renders infrared radiation as visible light? A. Thermal imager B. Dosimeter C. Photonization detector (PID) D. Geiger-Mueller (GM) detector
A. Thermal imager
The NIOSH definition of immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH) states that the IDLH is the maximum concentration from which an unprotected person can expect to escape in a: A. 30-minute period of time B. 5-minute period of time C. 10-minute period of time D. 60-minute period of time
A. 30-minute period of time
The value provided by the american conference of governmental industrial hygienists (ACGIH) that is an occupational exposure value to which it is believed nearly all workers can be exposed day after day for a working lifetime without any ill effects is the:
A. Recommended exposure limit (REL)
B. Permissible exposure limit-ceiling (PEL-C)
C. Threshold limit value (TLV)
D. Permissible exposure limit (PEL)
C. Threshold limit value (TLV)
What refers to the amount of pathogen required to cuase an infection in the host?
A. Infectious dose (ID)
B. Roentgen equivalent in man (rem)
C. Threshold limit value (TLV)
D. Immediately dangerous to life and health dose
A. Infectious dose (ID)
Which analysis should not take place in the field and must be returned to the factor for calibration?
A. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy
B. Ion mobility spectrometry
C. Gamma-ray spectrometry
D. Surface acoustic wave
A. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy
What is the number of atoms in a quantity of radioactive material that is detected to have decayed in one minute? A. Roentgen equivalent in man (rem) B. Counts per minute (cpm) C. Sievert D. Radiation absorbed dose (rad)
B. Counts per minute (cpm)
Which instrument involves measuring the concentration of hydrogen ions? A. PH meter B. Metal oxide sensor C. Electrochemical cell D. reactive cell
A. PH meter
What occurs when a product adheres to or wets any kind of exposure? A. Conductivity B. Reactivity C. Antibosis D. Contamination
D. Contamination
Which is a characteristic of multi sensor instruments?
A. Do not need to be calibrated
B. Include one primary and one secondary sensor
C. Are not sensitive to interference
D. May include five or six different types os sensors
D. May include five or six different types of sensors
Halogenated hydrocarbon meters are useful because they detect: A. Chemical reactions B. Carcinogens C. Temperature differences D. Oxygen levels
B. Carcinogens
When using pH paper, the difference between each pH unit is a factor of \_\_\_\_ -fold difference in concentrations A. 10 B. 20 C. 2 D. 5
A. 10
Reagent tests, chemcial test strips, and pH paper are examples of: A. Surface acoustic wave technology B. Mass spectroscopy C. Wet chemistry D. Ion mobility spectrometry
C. Wet chemistry
The time from the exposure to a biological agent to the appearance of symptoms in an infected person is referred to as the: A. Infectious equivalent period B. Counts per minute (cpm) C. Roentgen equivalent in man (rem) D. Incubation period
D. Incubation period
Surface acoustic wave snsors may potentially be used in the detection of: A. Combustible gases B. Nereve and blister agents C. Radiation D. Biological agents
B. Nerve and blister agents
Poor hygiene after handling a hazardous material can lead to accidental: A. Inhalation B. Absorption C. Injection D. Ingestion
D. Ingestion
A disadvantage of pH meters is that they: A. Are relatively heavy B. Are expensive C. Must be replaced after use D. Must be calibrated prior to each uses
D. Calibrated prior to each use
What radiation unit iused to set dose limit for emergency responders because it itakes into account the dose absorbed and the biological effect on the human body? A. Roentgen (R) B. Counts per minute (CPM) C. Radiation absorbed dose (rad) D. Roentgen equivalent in man (rem)
D. Roentgen equivalent in man (rem)
Which device can measure the intensity of a beam of light as a function of the light source wavelength (color)?
A. Spectrophotometer
B. Gamma-ray spectrometer
C. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer
D. Surface acoustic wave
A. Spectrophotometer
Which route of exposure refers to the process of taking in materials through a puncture of the skin? A. Injection b. Ingestion C. Inhalation D. Absorption
A. Injection
Which are usually considered direct-reading instruments and offer a highly reliable measurement for specific gases and vapors in a digital readout format? A. Electrochemical cells B. Metal oxide sensors C. Chip measurement systems (CMS) D. Radiation sensors
C. Chip measurement systems (CMS)
How do flame ionization detectors (FIDs) detect carbon-based flammable gases?
A. Use combustion to ionize organic airborne contaminants
B. Break down individual compounds into fragments
C. Use an inert gas to push a sample through the device
D. Detect mnor temperature differences in substances
A. Use combustion to ionize organic airborne contaminants
What refers to exposure to a hazardous material over a longer duration? A. Acute exposure B. Primary exposure C. Chronic exposure D secondary exposure
C. Chronic exposure
Which route of exposure refers to the process of taking in materials through the skin or eyes? A. Injection B. Inhalation C. Absorption D. Ingestion
C. Absorption
Oxygten indicators are used to evaluate oxygen concentration for respiratory purposes and:
A. Determination of overall toxicity. Of the atmosphere
B. Increased risk of corrosive reactions
C. Likelihood of illicit substances
D. Increased risk of flammability
D. Increased risk of flammability
Which detection device ionizes samples in order to determine their composition and may measure components in the low parts per million or even part per billionn ranges? A. Photoionization detector (PID) B. Flame ionization detector (FID) C. Mass spectrometer D. Halogenated hydrocarbon meter
C. Mass spectrometer
What can help detect a specific chemical through a reaction that changes the color of the test medium? A. Gas meters B. Electrochemical cell C. Colormetric methods D. Metal oxide sensors
C. Colormetric methods
Which radiation detection instrument involves radiation interacting with a crystal to produce a small flash of light? A. M8 detector B. Geiger-Mueller (GM) detector C. Solid state detector D. Scintillation detector
D. Scintillation detector
How should detector tubes be stored? A. Above 90 F (32 C) B. Refrigerated C. Below 32 F (0 C) D. At a moderate temperature
D. At a moderrate temperature
Effects of exposure to biological agents can affect wide geographical areas and:
A. Must be at very high levels to cause noticable symptoms
B. May not become apparent for several days
C. Are immediately apparent
D. May easily be mistaken for symptoms of chemical agents
B. May not become apparent for several days
What is a characteristic of a photoionization detector?
A. Destroys the sample
B. Single use only
C. Can be calibrated to multiple chemicals
D. Allows the sample to be retained for later analysis
D. Allows the sample to be retained for later analysis
Which radiation detection instrument is a gas-filled detector that is sealed from outside air and not typically affected by temperature or humidity? A. Scintillation detector B. M8 detector C. Geiger-Mueller (GM) detector D. Solid state detector
C. Geiger-Mueller (GM) detector
Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy provides sensitivity and accuracy in part because:
A. It focuses on fewer than ten materials
B. It focuses on two materials
C. Many signals are received and then averaged
D. Only one signal is received and processed
C. Many signals are received and then averaged
Silica optical cells and gold film detectors are two methods of field screening for: A. Mercury B. Cadmium C. Arsenic D. Lead
A. Mercury
Which device would a responder use to identify a chemcial reaction occuring in a container? A. Thermal imager B. Photoionization detector (PID) C. Halogenated hydrocarbon meter D. Geiger-Mueller (GM) detector
A. Thermal Imager
Which device uses a high intensity light to irradiate the sample and then analyzes characteristics of the light reflected or scattered by the sample?
A. Fourier transform irfrared (FT-IR) spectrometer
B. Gamm-ray spectrometer
C. Spectrophotometer
D. Raman spectrometer
D. Raman spectrometer
Ion mobility spectrometry is used for the detection and screening of: A. Biological agents B. Chemical warfare agents C. Radiation D. Low oxygen levels
B. Chemical warfare agents
Which is a characteristic of multi-functional reagent papers? A. Can be stored almost anywhere B. Most have an indefinite shelf life C. Most have a limited shelf life D. Contain only two types of tests
C. Most have a limited shelf life
Which device detects temperature by using a portion of the thermal radiation emitted by the object of measurement? A. Photoionization detector (PID) B. Thermal imager C. Geiger-Mueller (GM) detector D. Infrared thermometer
D. Infrared thermometer
When would an IA test be approprate? A. If secondary confirmation is needed B. If a bystander is sneezing and appears to have a cold C. If radiation is suspected D. If malicious intent is suspected
D. If malicious intent is suspected
The PID sensor can be calibrated to any gas, and correction factors for all manufactures refer to: A. Isobutylene B. Methane C. Pentane D. Hexane
A. Isobutylene
Which instrument is used to detect hases such as natural gas and hydrogen sulfide? A. Electrochemical cell B. Metal oxide sensor C. PH meter D. Reactive cell
B. Metal oxide sensor
What is one reason that the use of polymerase chain reaction device is limitd in the field?
A. They often give erroneous readings in the field
B. It takes an average of 30 minutes to process the test samples
C. Their cost and size is prohibitve for field work
D. Test samples must be sent to a laboratory for verification
B. It takes an averal of 30 minutes to process the test samples
What occurs when a toxic or infectious sibstance directly contacts the human body or is introduced inot the body? A. Antibiosis B. Amalgamate C. Reactivity D. Exposure
D. Exposure
Which detection device may have interference in readings due to the software or hardware updates required to keep it current and fucntioning optimally? A. Gas chromatograph (GC) B. Halogenated hydrocarbon meter C. Flame ionization detector (FID) D. Photoionization detector (PID)
A. Gas chromatograph (GC)
Which device detects concentrations of flammable/combustible gases and vapors in the air by unltraviolet light source to ionize the airborne contaminant? A. Geiger-Mueller (GM) detector B. Dosimeter C. Photoionization detector (PID) D. Thermal imager
C. Photoionization detector (PID)
Which chemical agent detection papers change color in the presence of liquid nerve agents or blister agents? A. PH paper B. M1 and M2 paper C. Type F and type G paper D. M8 and M9 paper
D. M8 and M9 paper
Which devices are designed to detect specific DNA sequ3ences that are helpful in the detection of protein-based biological substances? A. Reagent tests B. Fluorimeters C. PH paper D. Chemical test strips
B. Fluorimeter
What refers to recommendations provided by NIOSH and based on a 10-hour, time-weight average?
A. Permissible exposure limit-ceiling (PEL-C)
B. Threshold limit value (TLV)
C. Permissible exposure limit (PEL)
D. Recommended exposure limit (REL)
D. Recommended exposure limit (REL)
When using a fluorimeter, a sample that does not contain DNA: A. Will not fluoresce B. Will intermittenly fluoresce C. Will still fluoresce D. May or may not fluoresce
A. Will ot fluoresce
Combustible gas indicators may not give reliable results if the oxygen concentration is below: A. 10 percent B. 23.5 percent C. 21 percent D. 15 percent
A. 10 percent
Which detection device determines the energies of the gamma-ray photons emitted by the source?
A. Scintillation detector
B. Gamma-ray spectrometer
C. Dosimeter
D. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer
B. Gamma-ray spectrometer
What sensor is a type of fuel cell designed to produce a current that is precisely related to the amount of the target gas in the atmosphere? A. Sensor detection cell B electrochemical cell C. Targeted cell D. Reactive cell
B. Electrochemical cell
When using a spectrophotometer, setting up the instrument to measure a compound that is not already in the datebase:
A. Can easily be done in the field
B. Will often require a laboratory
C. Cannot be done without sending it to the manufacturer
D. Requires software updates to be installed
B. Will often require a laboratory
The most common route of exposure for responders and civilians is: A. Ingestion B. Absorption C. Injection D. Inhalation
D. Inhalation
When using a combustible gas indicator, a concentration greater than the lower explosive limit (LEL) and lower than the upper explosive limit (UEL) indicates that the:
A. Ambient atmosphere is not easily combustible
B.. Indicator is calibrated incorrectly
C. Atmosphere is lacking oxygen
D. Ambient atmosphere is readily combustible
A. Ambient atmosphere is readily combustible
An atmosphere that is considered immediatly dangerous to life and health (IDLH) has:
A. An immediate exposure period
B. A less than ten minutes exposure period
C. A less than five minute exposure period
D. Varying exposure periods
A. An immediate exposure period
The maximum concentration defined by OSHA to which the majority of healthy adults can be exposed over a 40-hour work week without suffering adverse effects is the:
A. Threshold limit value
B. Threshold limit value - ceiling (TVL-C)
C. Recommended exposure limit (REL)
D. Permissible exposure limit (PEL)
D. Permissible exposure limit (PEL)
Which device can detect certain antigens by targeting proteins unique to the agent? A. Photoionizzation detector (PID) B. Biological immunoassay indicator C. Dosimeter D. Geiger-Mueller (GM) detector
B. Biological immunoassay indicator
Which devvice would be used to determine the surface temperature of a container and to determine if a chemical reaction is taking place in and outside of a container? A. Geiger-Mueller (GM) detector B. Photoionization detector (PID) C. Dosimeter D. Infrared thermometer
D. Infrared thermometer
What unit is used to measure the amount of radiation energy absorbed by a material that applies to any material and all types of radiation? A. Roentgen (R) B. Counts per minute (CPM) C. Sievert D. Radiation absorbed dose (rad)
D. Radiation absorbed dose (rad)
