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Anthropology 101 > Chapter 6 (Primate Biology) > Flashcards

Chapter 6 (Primate Biology) Flashcards

Biology In The Present

1
Q

Prosimians

A

Lemurs
Lorises
Tarsiers

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2
Q

New World Monkeys

A

Cebids

Marmosets

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3
Q

Old World Monkeys

A

Baboons
Colobuses
Guenons

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4
Q

Apes

A 
Gibbons
Orangutans
Chimpanzees
Bonobos
Gorillas
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5
Q

Differences between Primates and other mammals

A

Arboreal adaptations
Dietary Flexibility
Parental Investment

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6
Q

Primate Physical Attributes

A 
Versatile skeletal structure- highly mobile joints
Enhanced vision (color, depth)
Enhanced sense of touch (dermal ridges)
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7
Q

Primate Parental Investment Attributes

A

Relatively few offspring at a time
Relatively long periods between births
Period of pre-adult care is long and intensive
All associates with size and complexity of primate brains.

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8
Q

Primate General Information

A 
High level of adaptability
Variety of anatomical and behavioral variation
Most are diurnal, few are nocturnal
Omnivorous diets (most species)
Diverse social groupings
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9
Q

Power Grip

A

A fistlike grip in which the fingers and thumbs wrap around an object in opposite directions

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10
Q

Precision Grip

A

A precise grip in which the tips of the fingers and thumbs come together, enabling fine manipulation

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11
Q

Preadaptation

A

An organism’s use of an anatomical feature in a way unrelated to the feature’s original function

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12
Q

Rhinarium

A

The naked surface around the nostril’s, typically wet in mammals.

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13
Q

Y-5

A

Hominoids’ pattern of lower molar cusps

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14
Q

Tooth Comb

A

Anterior teeth that have been tilted forward, creating a scraper

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15
Q

Canine-premolar honing complex

A

Dental form in which the upper canines are sharpened against the lower third premolars when the jaws are opened and closed

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16
Q

Diastema

A

A space between two teeth

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17
Q

What gives primates their dietary flexibility?

A

Multiple tooth types

Reduced number of teeth

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18
Q

Olfactory Hub

A

areas of the brain associated with smell and hearing

19
Q

Grade

A

Group of organisms sharing the same complexity and level of evolution

20
Q

Clade

A

Group of organisms that evolved from common anestors

21
Q

Primitive Characteristics

A

Characteristics present in multiple species of a group

22
Q

Derived Characteristics

A

Characteristics present in only one or a few species of a group

23
Q

Hominin

A

Humans and humanlike anscestors

24
Q

Monkey or Ape?

Body Size

A

Monkey- generally smaller

Ape- generally bigger

25
Q

Monkey or Ape?

Posture/Locomotion

A

Monkey- generally horizontal body trunk

Ape- relatively vertical body trunk

26
Q

Monkey or Ape?

Body trunk

A

Monkey- Narrow

Ape- Broad

27
Q

Monkey or Ape?

Tail

A

Monkey- tail

Ape- no tail

28
Q

Monkey or Ape?

Lower Molars

A

Monkey- Bilophodont lower molar

Ape- Y-5 molar pattern

29
Q

Monkey or Ape?

Brain

A

Monkey- Relatively small

Ape- Relatively large

30
Q

Monkey or Ape?

Growth

A

Monkey- Relatively fast

Ape- Relatively slow

31
Q

Monkey or Ape?

Interspecies Variability

A

Monkey- High

Ape- Low

32
Q

Prehensile Tail

A

A tail that acts as a kind of a hand for support in trees, common in New World monkeys.

33
Q

Suspensory Apes

A

Anatomical differences include longer arms, longer fingers and toes, fingers are curved.

34
Q

Knuckle-Walking

A

Unique style of quadrupedal locomotion used by chimpanzees and gorillas.

35
Q

Strepsirhines

A

Lemurs, other prosimians etc (wet nose)

36
Q

Haplorhines

A

New World/Old World Monkeys and Apes (dry nose)

37
Q

Strepsirhines or Haplorhines?

Smell

A

Strepsirhine- More developed

Haplorhine- Less developed

38
Q

Strepsirhines or Haplorhines?

Vision

A

Strepsirhine- Nocturnal for many

Haplorhine- Diurnal

39
Q

Strepsirhines or Haplorhines?

Touch

A

Strepsirhine- Claws in some, less developed

Haplorhine- Nails, more developed

40
Q

Strepsirhines or Haplorhines?

Diet

A

Strepsirhine- More specialized, more teeth in some

Haplorhine- More generalized, reduced number of teeth

41
Q

Strepsirhines or Haplorhines?

Intelligence

A

Strepsirhine- Less developed, small brain

Haplorhine- More developed, larger brain

42
Q

Platyrrhine

A

New World Monkeys

43
Q

Catarrhine

A

Old World Monkeys and Apes

44
Q

Primate Defining Characteristics (get at least 10)

A 
Tendency to erect posture
Flexible generalized limb structure
Hands and feet have grasping capability
Opposable thumb
Nails instead of claws
Tactile pads for sense of touch
Lack of dietary specialization
Generalized dentition
Enhanced vision, reduced smell
Five digits/hand and foot
Color vision
Stereoscopic vision
Eyes in front of face
Increased brain size
Long period of infant dependency
Long period of gestation
Reduced number of offspring
Live in social groups
Greater dependence on learned behavior

Anthropology 101 (9 decks)

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