Chapter 12 Modern People (finished) Flashcards
Description of Modern Traits
list of 6
High vertical forehead Round and tall skull Small brow ridges Small Face Small Teeth Projecting Chin
Description of Archaic Traits
list of 7
Longer lower skull Large browridge Bigger, projecting face Taller, wider nasal aperture More projecting occipital bone (back of skull, often called occipital bun) Large teeth Less chin
When was the emergence of archaic traits?
500,000-350,000 yBP
When was the emergence of modern traits?
three dates, two locations
160,000 yBP (earliest in Africa)
35,000 yBP (latest in Europe)
25,000 (fully modern)
Out Of Africa Hypothesis
timeframe and description
200,000 ya
Modern H. Sapiens first evolved in Africa and then spread to Asia and Europe, replacing the indigenous archaic H. Sapien population.
Multiregional Continuity Hypothesis
timeframe and description
2 million ya
Transition to modernity as having taken place regionally and without involving replacement.
Tendencies Of H. Sapiens Evolution Over Time
Tool use and food processing decreased wear and selection for back teeth, increased wear on front teeth.
Potential use of front teeth as tools.
Mousterian(definition)
The stone tool culture in which Neandertals produced tools using the Levalliois technique.
Levallois(definition)
A distinctive method of stone tool production used during the Middle Paleolithic, in which the core was prepared and flakes removed from the surface before the final tool was detached from the core.
Mousterian Tools (Neandertal tool culture)
Made from flint. The use of such tools would have replaced the use of front teeth as tools, reducing the amount of anterior tooth wear in some later Neandertals.
Neadertal hunting/diet
Ate a lot of meat, at or nearly at the level of carnivores living at the same time and place.
Used heavy spears to hunt mega-fauna, then used tools to process the carcass- very dangerous hunting.
Neadertal treatment of dead
include list of three pieces of evidence
In some Neandertal excavation sites, bones were found buried in pits in specific positions, indicating a culturally significant practice involving handling of the dead.
In other dig sites it was also clear that Neandertals participated in cannibalism, as evidenced by:
no bone marrow (all long bones broken)
cut marks consistent with defleshing and butchering
broken cranial bones- access to the brain
Neandertal hyoid bone
Bone required for speech, connecting to the skull, mandible, tongue, larynx and pharynx.
Hyoid bone found from Neandertal remains is identical to a living H. Sapien.
“Hobbit” (scientific name)
Homo Floresiensis
Microcephaly
A condition in which the cranium is abnormally small and the brain is underdeveloped.
