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FF1/FF2 > Chapter 6: Portable Fire Extinguishers > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Portable Fire Extinguishers Flashcards

1
Q

What is a….
Foam Nozzle designed to provide the aeration required to make the highest quality foam possible; most effective appliance for the generation of low-expansion foam.

A

Air-Aspirating Foam Nozzle

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2
Q

What does AFFF stand for?

A

Aqueous Film Forming Foam

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3
Q

What is a Class A Fire?

A

Fires involving ordinary combustibles such as textiles, plastics, rubber, wood, paper, cloth and similar materials.

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4
Q

What is a Class B Fire?

A

Fires of flammable and combustible liquids and gases.

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5
Q

What is a Class C Fire?

A

Fires involving energized electrical equipment.

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6
Q

What is a Class D Fire?

A

Fires of combustible metals such as magnesium, sodium and titanium.

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7
Q

What is a Class K Fire?

A

Fires in cooking appliances that involve combustible cooking vegetable or animal oils and fats.

Commonly occurring in commercial cooking facilities such as restaurants and institutional kitchens.

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8
Q

Extinguishing agents:

Define- Dry Chemical

A

Any one number of powdery extinguishing agents used to extinguish fires.

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9
Q

Extinguishing agents:

Define- Dry Powder

A

Extinguishing agent suitable for use on combustible metal fires.

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10
Q

Define- Extinguishing Agent

A

Any Substance used for the purpose of controlling or extinguishing a fire

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11
Q

Define- Fire Extinguisher

A

Portable fire fighting device designed to combat incipient (early stage) fires.

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12
Q

Define- Halogenated Extinguishing Agents

A

(halogenated hydrocarbons):
Chemical Compounds that contain carbon, plus one or more elements from the halogen series.

Halon 1301 and Halon 1211 are most commonly used as extinguishing agents for Class B and Class C fires.

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13
Q

Methods of extinguishing fire:

What is a…
Phenomenon that occurs when mixtures of alkaline based chemicals and certain cooking oils come into contact, resulting in the formation of a soapy film.

A

Saponification

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14
Q

Methods of extinguishing fire:

Define- Smothering

A

Act of excluding oxygen from a fuel.

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15
Q

Types of portable fire extinguishers:

Define- Water Mist Extinguisher

A

Fire extinguisher capable of discharging atomized water through a special applicator.

Pressurized water mist extinguishers use distilled water, whereas back-pump water mist extinguishers use ordinary water.

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16
Q

Types of portable fire extinguishers:

Define- Wet Chemical System

A

Extinguishing system that uses a wet chemical solution as the primary extinguishing agent.

Usually installed in range hoods and associated ducting where grease may accumulate.

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17
Q

What must the firefighter 1 know about portable fire extinguishers? (6)

A
  • Fire classification
  • Risks associated with each fire class of fire
  • Operating methods of portable fire extinguishers
  • Limitations of portable fire extinguishers
  • How to approach a fire with portable fire extinguishers
  • How to operate portable fire extinguishers
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18
Q

A = ____ gallons of water

A

1 1/4 gallons

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19
Q

The class A rating of extinguishers is primarily based on what?

A

The amount of water and the duration and range of the discharge used in extinguishing test fires.

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20
Q

Portable fire extinguishing ratings:

Class A: 1A - _____A

A

1-A through 40-A

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21
Q

Portable fire extinguishing ratings:

Class B: 1B - ____B

A

1-B though 640-B

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22
Q

Flammable and combustible liquids and gases include: (4)

A
  • Alcohol
  • Gasoline
  • Lubricating oils
  • Liquified petroleum gas
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23
Q

What are liquefied petroleum gases? and where in a home can you find them?

A

Flammable hydrocarbon gases such as propane, butane, and isobutane.

In fuel for cooking (steel BBQ bottles, cylinders, or tanks), heating, and vehicles

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24
Q

Portable fire extinguishing ratings:

The class \_\_\_\_ rating is based on the approximate square foot area of the flammable liquid fire that a nonexpert operator can extinguish using one full extinguisher.
- expected to extinguish 1 square foot for each numerical rating.
A

Class B

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25
Q

Water and water-based agents conduct electrical current and cannot be used on Class C fires until…

A

… the electricity has been shot off.

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26
Q

What are examples of combustible metals and alloys? (5)

And where can you find them?

A
  • Titanium
  • Magnesium
  • Sodium
  • Lithium
  • Potassium

Can be found in- building material/metal framing, some roofing shingles, cameras, laptops, metal box springs, wheels and transmission components, gun powder, fertilizers, pesticides.

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27
Q

The use of water or water-based agents on Class D fires will cause the fire to…

A

… react violently, emit bits of molten metal, and could injure nearby firefighters.

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28
Q

Testers of a Class D extinguisher consider what factors during each test? (3)

A
  • Reactions between the metal and the agent
  • Toxicity of the fumes produced and products of combustion
  • Time to allow metal to burn completely without fire suppression compared to the time to extinguish the fire using the extinguisher.
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29
Q

What are examples of Class K combustible cooking oils?

A

Vegetable, canola, and peanut oil

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30
Q

Portable fire extinguisher ratings:

What’s the minimum criteria for a Class K rating?

A

Agents capable of extinguishing a fire from a deep fryer with a surface area of 2.25 square feet.

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31
Q

What are the 4 methods of extinguishing a fire?

A
  1. Smothering
  2. Cooling
  3. Chemical flame inhibition
  4. Saponification
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32
Q

Methods of extinguishing fire:

Define- Cooling

A

Reducing the burning material below its ignition temperature.

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33
Q

Methods of extinguishing fire:

Define- Chemical flame inhibition

A

Interrupting the chemical chain reaction in the burning process.

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34
Q

Water type extinguishers should be protected against what?

A

Freezing if exposed to temperatures lower than 40 *F.

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35
Q

Water, water-based agents such as Class ___ foam or dry chemicals can extinguish Class ___ fires.

A

Class A

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36
Q

Carbon dioxide, dry chemical and Class ___ foam, Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) extinguishers can extinguish Class ___ fires.

A

Class B

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37
Q

Dry Powder and wet chemical stored-pressure extinguishers can extinguish Class ___ fires.

A

Class D

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38
Q

Class ___ extinguishing agents will not conduct electricity, which makes them suitable for electrical fires.

A

Class C

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39
Q

Once in position to attack the fire, use the P.A.S.S application method.

What does “P.A.S.S” stand for?

A

Pull- pull the pin
Aim- aim the nozzle at the base of the fire
Squeeze- squeeze the handle
Sweep- sweep the nozzle back and forth

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40
Q

Types of portable fire extinguishers:

______ ________ extinguishers work best on Class D fires.

Only use Class D rated fire extinguishers to extinguish metal fires.

A

Dry powder

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41
Q

How can class D fires be identified?

A

Bright white emmissions

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42
Q

Class K rated extinguishers work because of _________, which converts the fatty acids, or fats in oils, into a soapy film.

A

Saponification

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43
Q

If a fire extinguisher is deficient by _____%, remove from service.

A

10%

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44
Q

Dry chemicals must be replaced every _____ years.

A

6 years

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45
Q

What kinds of fires are portable fire extinguishers intended to be used on?

A

Small fires in the incipient (early growth) stage.

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46
Q

What are portable fire extinguishers classified by?

A

The type of fire they are designed to effectively extinguish

47
Q

Extinguishing agents that work by smothering are ineffective on materials that contain their own _____________ agent.

A

Oxidizing

48
Q

All portable fire extinguishers use which means for expelling their contents?

A

Pressure

49
Q

A portable fire extinguisher is best suited for which situation?

a. room and contents fire
b. vegetation fire
c. car fire
d. fire in a wastebasket

A

d. fire in a wastebasket

50
Q

Types of portable fire extinguishers:

______ _______ fire extinguishers:
The operator physically applies pressure to a pump that increases pressure within the container, forcing the agent out a nozzle at the end of a hose.

A

Manual Pump Fire Extinguisher

51
Q

Types of portable fire extinguishers:

_________ _______ fire extinguishers:
Compressed air or inert gas within the container forces the agent out a nozzle at the end of a hose when the operator presses the handle.

A

Stored-Pressure Fire Extinguisher

52
Q

Types of portable fire extinguishers:

_________ _______ fire extinguishers:
Compressed inert gas is contained in a separate cartridge on the side of the container. When the operator punctures the cartridge, the explellant enters the container forcing the agent out a nozzle on the end of a hose.

A

Pressure Cartridge Fire Extinguisher

53
Q

What type of fires are pump-type water extinguishers intended for?

_______ ________ fires or Class ______ fires.

A

Ground cover fires or small Class A fires

54
Q

What type of fire extinguishers are designed to be worn on the back with a manually operated trombone-style slide pump?

_______ _____ ___________ extinguishers.

A

Pump-type water extinguisher

55
Q

Types of portable fire extinguishers:

________ ________ ________ ________extinguishers:
A fire extinguisher capable of atomizing water through a special applicator. Water-mist fire extinguishers use distilled water, while back-pump type water-mist extinguishers use ordinary water.

A

Stored-Pressure Water-Mist Extinguishers

56
Q

What type of fire extinguisher is useful for all types of small Class A fires (often used on confined hot spots during overhaul)?

______ ______ ________ extinguishers.

A

Stored-Pressure Water Extinguishers

57
Q

How does Class A foam concentrate in water enhance the effectiveness?

A

By reducing the surface tension of water, allowing it to quickly penetrate the surface

58
Q

What type of fire extinguisher uses deionized water?

______ ______ _______ _______ extinguishers.

A

Water-Mist Stored-Pressure Extinguishers

59
Q

What is the difference between a stored-pressure and water-mist stored-pressure extinguisher?

A

Stored-pressure: solid stream

Water-mist: fire spray (making it safe to use on Class C)

60
Q

What type of fire extinguisher is best suited for extinguishing an induction fire in a reciprocating engine?

________ ________ extinguishers.

A

carbon dioxide (CO2) extinguishers

61
Q

What type of fire extinguisher is intended for Class K fires?

______ _______ ________ ______ extinguishers.

A

Wet Chemical Stored-Pressure Extinguishers

62
Q

Which fire extinguisher contains a special potassium-based, low pH agent formulated to operate on the principle of saponification?

_______ _______ _______ _______ extinguishers.

A

Wet Chemical Stored-Pressure Extinguisher

63
Q

Manufactures mix _______ ________ agents with additives that make the agents moisture-resistant and prevent them from caking.

A

Dry chemical

64
Q

What type of extinguisher is intended for Class B fires?

_______ _________ _________ _________ extinguishers.

A

Aqueous Film Forming Foam

65
Q
A
66
Q

How should AFFF extinguishers be administered?

A

Do not apply the foam directly onto the fuel.

Gently rain down onto the fuel surface or deflect of nearby surface (to prevent the disturbance of the foam blanket).

67
Q

AFFF extinguishers are most effect on what?

Class _______ or static pools of flammable ________.

A

Class B fires or Static pools of flammable liquids

68
Q

________ ________ extinguishers effectively cool and smother fires in Class A and Class B fuels, and inhibit the sustained chemical reaction in Class C fuels.

A

Clean Agent extinguishers

69
Q

What were halons effective for extinguishing?

A

Fires in computer rooms, aircraft engines, and areas that contained materials that could be easily damaged by water/dry chemical agents

70
Q

Types of portable fire extinguishers:

________ ________ extinguishers:
Designed specifically as a replacement for Halon 1211. These agents effecively cool and smother fires in Class A and B fuels, non-conductive and can be used on energized electrical equipment. If these agents are pressurized with Argon gas, they are approved by the EPA.

A

Clean Agent Extinguishers

71
Q

What class of fires are CO2 extinguishers most effective?

A

Class B and C fires

72
Q

How does a CO2 extinguisher extinguish fire?

_______ available oxygen (________ the fire)

A

Displaces available oxygen (smothers fire)

73
Q

What type of extinguisher is among the most common portable fire extinguishers in use today?

A

Dry chemical extinguisher

74
Q

What type of fire extinguisher is meant to control fires in all combustible metals?

A

Dry powder extinguishers

75
Q

A 2-A rating, ____ gallons of water are required.

A

2½ (twice the 1-A)

76
Q
A
77
Q
A
78
Q

An operator is expected to extinguish ___ sq ft for each numerical rating.

A

1 square ft

79
Q

What class of fire extinguisher does not have any capability tests?

A

Class C

80
Q

Class C rating confirms that the extinguishing agent will not…

A

… conduct electricity

81
Q

Why do Class D ratings vary?

A

Vary with the type of combustible metal being tested

82
Q

What are the 3 most common combination ratings?

A

ABC
AB
BC

83
Q

What class of fire has a green triangle symbol?

A

A (Ordinary combustibles)

84
Q

What class of fire has a red square symbol?

A

B (Flammable and Combustible Liquids and Gases)

85
Q

What class of fire has a blue circle symbol?

A

C (Electrical)

86
Q

What class of fire has a yellow star symbol?

A

D (Combustible metals)

87
Q

What class of fire has a black hexagon symbol?

A

K (Kitchen/oils)

88
Q

What type of extinguisher should you never use near computer equipment, and why?

A ________ _________ extinguisher, because….

A

Dry chemical extinguisher because of the corrosive particulate residue

89
Q

What is the minimum PPE you must wear while operating a portable fire extinguisher?

A

Full structural PPE including respiratory protection

90
Q

Which side do you approach a fire from?

A

Windward (wind at your back)

91
Q

What should the next steps be if the discharge of one full extinguisher does not achieve extinguishment?

___________ and ___________

A

Withdraw and reassess

92
Q

NFPA and most fire safety codes require portable fire extinguishers to be inspect at least ________ a year.

A

once

93
Q

How should you clean a portable fire extinguisher?

A

With warm water and soap after each use or periodically (remove corrosion with steel wool or sand paper)

94
Q

How are portable fire extinguishers tested?

A

Hydrostatically

95
Q

What are the 9 common portable fire extinguishers?

A
  1. Pump-type water extinguishers
  2. Stores-pressure water extinguishers
  3. Aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) extinguishers
  4. CO2 extinguishers
  5. Dry powder extinguishers
  6. Stored-pressure water-mist extinguishers
  7. Stored-pressure Wet chemical extinguishers
  8. Clean agent extinguishers
  9. Dry chemical extinguishers
96
Q
A
97
Q

Carbon dioxide extinguishers store carbon dioxide under…

A

… its own pressure as a liquefied gas.

98
Q

What are the 2 basic types of dry chemical extinguishers?

A
  • Regular B-C rated

- Multipurpose and A-B-C rated

99
Q

Name examples of commonly used dry chemicals. (5)

A
  • Sodium bicarbonate
  • Potassium bicarbonate
  • Urea-potassium bicarbonate
  • Potassium chloride
  • Monoammonium phosphate
100
Q

What is inspected immediately before use of an extinguisher? (4)

A
  • External condition: no apparent damage
  • Hose/nozzle: in place
  • Weight: feels as though it contains agent
  • Pressure gauge (if applicable): if present, should register a reading within the operable range.
101
Q

What are the 4 methods that portable fire extinguishers use to extinguish fire?

A
  1. smothering
  2. cooling
  3. chemical flame inhibition
  4. saponification
102
Q

What factors should be considered when selecting a portable fire extinguisher? (8)

A
  • classification of the burning fuel
  • hazards to be protected against
  • atmospheric conditions
  • ease of handling the extinguisher
  • rating of the extinguisher
  • size and intensity of the fire
  • availability of trained personnel to operate the extinguisher
  • any life hazards or operational concerns
103
Q

Extinguishing Agent Characteristics: Water
Primary Method- _________
Secondary Method- _________

A

Cooling

Oxygen depletion

104
Q

Extinguishing Agent Characteristics: Carbon Dioxide
Primary Method- _________
Secondary Method- _________

A

Oxygen depletion

Cooling

105
Q

Extinguishing Agent Characteristics: Foam
Primary Method- _________
Secondary Method- _________

A

Oxygen depletion

Vapor suppression

106
Q

Extinguishing Agent Characteristics: Clean Agent
Primary Method- _________
Secondary Method- _________

A

Chain inhibition

Cooling

107
Q

Extinguishing Agent Characteristics: Dry Chemical
Primary Method- _________
Secondary Method- _________

A

Chain inhibition

Oxygen depletion

108
Q

Extinguishing Agent Characteristics: Wet Chemical
Primary Method- _________
Secondary Method- _________

A

Oxygen depletion

Vapor suppression

109
Q

Extinguishing Agent Characteristics: Dry Powder
Primary Method- _________
Secondary Method- _________

A

Oxygen depletion

Heat transfer cooling

110
Q

Portable fire extinguishing ratings:

Class C

A

No extinguishing capability tests.

Tests are to determine non-conductivity.

111
Q

Portable fire extinguishing ratings:

Class D

A

No numerical ratings.

Tested for reactions, toxicity, and metal burn out time.

112
Q

Portable fire extinguishing ratings:

Class K

A

No numerical rating.

Tested to ensure effectiveness against 2.25 square feet of light cooking oil in a deep fat fryer.

113
Q

Once the power supply (electricity) has been furred off or disconnected, firefighters can treat the fire as a class ___/___ fire.

A

Class A or Class B fire.

114
Q

Wet chemical agents contain a ___________ mixture (such as potassium acetate, potassium carbonate, or potassium citrate) to suppress the capers and smother the fire.

A

Alkaline

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