Chapter 5: Firefighter PPE Flashcards
_______ _________ ________ (___) is protective equipment that blocks/protects yourself from exposure to a pathogen or a hazardous material.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
What is a “PASS Device”?
Personal Alert Safety System, emits a loud alarm when another firefighter is in danger.
What is the usual temperature limit for Structural PPE?
400 degrees F. (Pg. 187)
During firefighting operations, what is your primary eye protection?
Your SCBA facepiece
What 3 components must protective coats be made out of?
A - Outer Shell
B - Moisture Barrier
C - Thermal Barrier
What are the strips of reflective trim on the torso and sleeves that make the coat more visible at night or in low light conditions.
Retroreflective trim
What are worn to protect the lower torso and legs during emergency operations?
Protective trousers
What are the two common types of firefighting boots?
Rubber and leather
How long must the PASS alarm go off and what decibel does it need to be at least?
Must go off continuously for 1 hour and be at least 95 decibels.
What are Fusees?
Road flares
What is the differences between Wildland gear and Structural Fire gear
Structure PPE has a heat barrier, whereas Wildland PPE does not.
What is the minimum rating that high visibility vests should be?
At minimum ANSI 107, class 2 or 3
What temperature does first degree burns start at?
118 degrees F.
What temperature does second degree burns start at?
131 degrees F.
What temperature does third degree burns start at?
152 degrees F.
What will reduce the fire resistance of your PPE?
Hydrocarbons
What type of cleaning:
Cleaning that does not require the clothing to be removed from service.
Routine Cleaning
What type of cleaning:
Personnel trained in the care and cleaning of protective clothing should perform advanced cleaning.
Advanced cleaning
What type of cleaning:
Required when the clothing is contaminated, and it cannot be removed by routine or advanced cleaning.
A trained department member or an outside contractor may perform the cleaning.
Specialized cleaning
Type of cleaning:
Typically removes accumulated grime or contaminants. Contractors perform specialized cleaning. Some contractors provide replacement PPE while clothing is being cleaned.
Contract cleaning
Types of Respiratory Protection Equipment:
What provide breathable air when working in oxygen deficient, toxic, or gas-filled atmospheres?
_________ _________ respirators
Atmosphere-supplying respirators (ASRs)
Types of Respiratory Protection Equipment:
What filter particulates out of the surrounding air.
________ __________ respirators
Air-purifying respirators (APRs)
What is the primary type of respiratory protection you will use in the fire service?
__________ _________ respirators
ASR - Atmosphere supplying respirators
_________ _________ __________:
Atmosphere containing less than the normal 19.5 percent oxygen. (At least 16 percent oxygen is needed to produce flames)
Oxygen-deficient atmosphere
________ _________ are small particles that may be suspended in the air and are harmful to the respiratory system.
Particulate contaminants
_____ exist at a standard temperature and pressure.
______ result from temperature or pressure changes that affect a solid or a liquid.
Gases
Vapors
Define- Airborne Pathogens
Disease-causing microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, or fungi) that are suspended in the air.
Define- HEPA filters
high-efficiency particulate air filters. These filter masks are single use masks.
________ circuit SCBA vents exhaled air to the outside air to the outside environment.
Open Circuit SCBA
_______ circuit SCBA (_________) removes the CO2 from the exhaled air, injects O2 into the air, and recirculates the re-oxygenated air to the facepiece.
Closed Circuit SCBA (Rebreather)
4 Basic components of an open-circuit SCBA
Backplate and harness assembly
Regulator assembly
Air Cylinder assembly
Facepiece Assembly
How much does an air cylinder approximately weigh?
8-20 pounds
What are the two types of tests that OSHA approves of with regards to facepiece assembly fitting?
Qualitive fit tests (QLFT) and Quantitative fit tests (QNFT)
What does CFR stand for?
______ of ______ ________
Code of Federal Regulations
What displays the air pressure within the cylinder. More accurate pressure readings are near the upper range of the gauge’s rated working pressures.
_______ ________ _______
Remote pressure gauge
What is a warning device on a SCBA that alerts the user that the end of the breathing air is approaching; typically around 33 percent of the cylinders capacity?
______ _____ _______ ______ _______
End of service time indicator (EOSTI)
What allows two firefighters to share air from one cylinder without removing their facepieces?
______ _______ ________ _______ _______
Emergency Escape Breathing Support System (EEBSS)
Average weight of SCBA units
25-35 pounds
Three types of SCBA refilling systems
Stationary fill systems
Mobile fill systems
Firefighter Breathing Air Replenishment Systems (FBARS)
What is worn by firefighters that provides protection from falling objects, side blows, the fire environment elements, and eye injuries?
Helmet
Benefits of helmets? (5)
Impact protection
Heat and cold protection
Unit identification
Rank
What is designed to protect the firefighter’s ears, neck, and face from heat and debris; typically made of Nomex, Kevlar, or PBI, and available in long or short styles.
Protective Hood
_____ _____ of your turnout coat must be in place during firefighting operations.
All layers
What upper body PPE is worn during fire fighting, rescue, and extrication operations.
Turnout Coat
What are the following examples of:
May increase risk of heat stress May suffer burns with no warning Provides no protection against CBRNE Decrease in ability to feel ambient heat Once damaged, puts you at greater risk
Limits of PPE
______ ______ ______ (___) is a built-in harness and hand loop at the back of the neck that permits the rescuer to grab and drag a downed firefighter
Drag Rescue Device (DRD)
What lower body PPE is worn during fire fighting operations. Also called bunker pants; night hitches.
Protective trousers
What part of the firefighter’s protective clothing ensemble is necessary to protect the hands?
Gloves
Define- Safety Shoes
Protective footwear meeting OSHA requirements.
Firefighters should never wear ________ materials such as nylon or polyester to prevent them from melting and sticking to the wearer’s skin
Synthetic
Synthetic
Standard on garment resistance-
No components will ignite, melt, drip, or separate when exposed to heat at 500 F for 5 minutes
T/F. Turnouts should never be washed at home in washing machine or brought into common areas of the home.
True
______ _______ are any exposures to products of combustion, superheated atmospheres, toxic gases, vapors, or dust, or potentially explosive or oxygen-deficient atmospheres or any condition that creates a hazard to the respiratory system.
Respiratory Hazards
An atmosphere containing less than 19.5 percent oxygen.
_________ __________ atmosphere
Oxygen-Deficient Atmosphere
Define- Hypoxia
Low oxygen saturation of the body’s tissues, not enough oxygen in the blood
Define- Asphyxiation
Condition that causes death because of a deficient amount of oxygen and an excessive amount of carbon monoxide and/or other gases in the blood.
Define- Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Sometimes lethal condition in which carbon monoxide molecules attach to hemoglobin, decreasing the blood’s ability to carry oxygen.
Define- Oxyhemoglobin
Hemoglobin combined with oxygen
What does COHb stand for?
Carboxyhemoglobin- hemoglobin saturated with CO and therefore unable to absorb needed oxygen
_______ Agents are living microorganisms, like germs, that can cause human disease; a biologically hazardous material.
Etiologic Agents
Etiologic Agents
SCBA Protection Limitations:
What type of limitation are the following examples of?
Physical condition Agility Facial features Coordination Conditioning Adequate training Emotional stability
Limitations of wearer
SCBA Protection Limitations:
What type of limitation are the following examples of?
Limited visibility Decreased ability to communicate Increased weight Decreased mobility Decreased endurance
Limitations of Equipment
What is a bell, whistle, or other audible alarm that warns the wearer when the SCBA air supply is low and needs replacement, usually 25 percent of full container pressure.
_____ ______ ______
Low-Pressure Alarm
That time at which the remaining operation time of the SCBA is equal to the time necessary to return safely to a nonhazardous atmosphere. (Beyond 50% of the air supply of the team member with the lowest gauge reading)
_______ ___ ___ ______
Point of No Return
3 basic element of effective air management
Know your point of no return
Know how much air you have at all times
Make conscious decision to leave or stay at 50%
SCBAs:
What are the following examples of?
Beginning of the shift When donning SCBA While working at 5-10 minute intervals and when changing locations or finishing assignments During egress from hazard zone When refilling and replacing a cylinder
Times to check you air supply
4 basic SCBA components
Harness
Air cylinder
Regulator
Facepiece
_________: A rigid frame with straps that hold the air cylinder on the firefighter’s back
Harness
_____ ________: Includes cylinder, valve, pressure gauge, and sometimes PASS device, heaviest of the 4 types of assemblies
Air cylinder
________: Includes high-pressure hose with low pressure alarm, bypass valve and a pressure reducing device
Regulator
________: lens, exhalation valve, low pressure hose, in some cases uses voice amplification, head harness, or helmet mounting bracket, use anti-fogging chemical to clean
Facepiece
What respiratory protection system is not approved for firefighting operations?
Closed-Circuit Breathing Apparatus
________ __________ ________ (___):
A roll call of all units assigned to an incident, can be requested to be completed at specific intervals from SOP or at any time by IC
Personnel Accountability Report (PAR)
Define- Tag Line
Non-load-bearing rope attached to an object to help steer it in a desired direction or act as a safety line.
_______: Fabric interface between the end of the sleeve and the palm of the hand that protects the wrist form water, embers, and other debris. Also keeps coat sleeves from riding up when reaching
Wristlets
Maximum Noise Exposure Level
90 Decibels
A protective coat must overlap the trousers by at least ___ inches no matter which position the firefighter holds.
2 inches
At what percentage of oxygen does the human body respond by increasing respiratory rate?
18%
What is the most common cause of oxygen-deficient atmospheres?
Combustion (it consumes O2 and produces toxic gases)
The 2 categories of respiratory protection equipment are _______ ______ respirators and ________ _______ respirators.
ASRs (atmosphere-supplying respirators); APRs (air-purifying respirators)
According to NFPA 1981, all new SCBA facepieces must be equipped with a _____ _____ _________.
Heads-Up Display (HUD)
What should you clean your SCBA facepiece with?
Warm water containing a mild commercial disinfectant; dry with a lint-free cloth or air dry (do not use paper towels)
SCBA breathing air cylinders must be labeled with the ________ and the ________.
Date of manufacturer; date of the last hydrostatic test
What type of air must you use to refill your cylinder?
Type 1 grade D
3 or more large, interconnected air cylinders, from which smaller SCBA cylinders are recharged (larger cylinders typically have a capacity of 300 cubic feet)
Cascade System
What is considered eye protection? (4)
SCBA facepiece
Helmet mounted face shield
Goggles
Safety glasses
Rapid intervention crew universal air coupling
-
______ ______ ______:
Activities required for rescue, fire suppression, and property conservation at fires that produce high radiant, conductive, or convective heat.
Proximity fire fighting
What are the 6 types of PPE
1) station and work uniforms
2) structure
3) wildland
4) roadway ops
5) EMS
6) special ops (hazmat)
Why do you not wear station footwear during an emergency ops?
Because you might contaminate living quarters when you return to the station.
Replace structure PPE every ____ years.
10 years
Since protective clothing absorbs and stores heat, it can…
… take longer to cool down.
Protective clothing traps body heat and moisture inside the clothing barriers. This may significantly increase what conditions? (4)
- breathing and heart rate
- core temperature
- skin temperature
- physiological stress
5 types of respiratory hazards:
- oxygen deficiency
- elevated temperatures
- particulate contaminants
- gases and vapors
- airborne pathogens
