Chapter 3: Building Construction Flashcards
Bowstring Truss
Lightweight truss design noted by the bow shape, or curve, of the top chord.
Common type of concrete construction. Refers to concrete that is poured into forms as a liquid and assumes the shape of the form in the position and location it will be used.
Cast-in-place Concrete
Cockloft
Concealed space between the top floor and the roof of a structure.
Weight of the structure, structural members, building components, and any other features permanently attached to the building that are constant and immobile.
Dead Load
Eave
The edge of a pitched roof that overhangs an outside wall. Attic vents in typical eaves provide an avenue for and exterior fire to enter the attic.
Factory-Built Home
Structure that is partially or completely built in a factory and shipped to the location on which it is to be installed.
Specially constructed, tested, and approved fire-rated door assembly designed and installed to prevent fire spread by automatically closing and covering a doorway in a fire wall to block the spread of fire through the door opening.
Fire Door
Rating assigned to a material or assembly after standardized testing by an independent testing organization; identifies the amount of time a material or assembly will resist a typical fire, as measured on a standard time-temperature curve.
Fire-Resistance Rating
Solid materials, such as wood blocks, used to prevent or limit the vertical and horizontal spread of fire and the products of combustion in hollow walls or floors, above false ceilings, in penetrations for plumbing or electrical installations, in penetrations of a fire-rated assembly, or in cocklofts and crawl spaces.
Fire Stop
Fire Wall
Fire-rated wall with a specified degree of fire resistance, built of fire-resistive materials and usually extending from the foundation up to and through the roof of a building; designed to limit the spread of a fire within a structure or between adjacent structures.
Wooden structural member composed of many relatively short pieces of lumber glued and laminated together under pressure to form a long, extremely strong beam.
Glue-Laminated Beam
Metal or wooden plates used to connect and strengthen the joints of two or more separate components (such as metal or wooden truss components or roof or floor components) into a load-bearing unit.
Gusset Plates
Hollow-Core Door
Lightweight door with wood, plastic, or fiberboard interior spacers separating the face panels rather than a solid material.
Structure consisting of the elements of both modular design and panelized construction. Core modular units are assembled first and panels are added to complete the structure.
Hybrid Modular Structure
Joists
Horizontal structural members used to support a ceiling or floor. Drywall materials are nailed or screwed to the ceiling joists, and the subfloor is nailed or screwed to the floor joists.
Structural support made from a long steel bar that is bent at a 90-degree angle with flat or angular pieces welded to the top and bottom.
Lightweight Steel Truss
Wall of a building that by design carries at least some part of the structural load of the building in the direction of the ground or base.
Load-Bearing Wall
Dwelling that is the assembly of four major components: the chassis and the floor, wall, and roof systems; although these homes are constructed of steel, wood, plywood, aluminum, gypsum wallboard, and other materials, they are basically frame construction.
Manufactured Home
Bricks, blocks, stones, and unreinforced and reinforced concrete products.
Masonry
Continuous and unobstructed way of exit travel from any point in a structure to a public way, consisting of three distinct parts: exit access, exit, and exit dishcarge.
Means of Egress
Structure assembled at the factory in two or more all-inclusive sections. All utilites and millwork are also installed at the factory and connected when the structure is delivered to a site.
Modular Home
Open Web Joist
Joist with a web composed of materials that do not fill the entire web space. Examples include steel bars or tubes.
OSB
Oriented Strand Board
A wooden structural panel formed by gluing and compressing wood strands together under pressure. This material has replaced plywood and planking in the majority of construction applications. Roof decks, walls and subfloors are all commonly made of this.
Oriented Strand Board (OSB)
Panelized Home
Home assembled on site consisting of constructed panels made of foam insulation sandwiched between sheets of plywood. The panels are assembled on-site and require no framing members.
Parallel Chord Truss
A truss constructed with the top and bottom chords parallel. These trusses are used as floor joists in multistory buildings and as ceiling joists in buildings with flat roofs.
Portion of the exterior walls of a building that extends above the roof. A low wall at the edge of a roof.
Parapet
Roof that features a solar panel array that is designed to provide electricity to the structure. Existing roofs may have the panels retrofitted. Some roofs are built with the solar panels integrated into the roof surface itself.
Photovoltaic Roof
PV
Photovoltaic System
An arrangement of components that convey electrical power to an energy system by converting solar energy into direct current (DC) electricity.
Photovoltaic (PV) System
Method of building construction where the concrete building member is poured and set according to specification in a controlled environment and is then shipped to the construction site for use.
Precast Concrete
Stair with code-required, fire-rated enclosure construction; intended to protect occupants as they make their way through the stair enclosure.
Protected Stair
Steel structural members that are covered with either spray-on fire proofing(an insulating barrier) or fully encased in an Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL) tested and approved system.
Protected Steel
Purlin
Horizontal member between trusses that support the roof.
Rafter
Inclined beam that supports a roof, runs parallel to the slope of the roof, and to which the roof decking is attached.
Rain or Snow Roof
A second roof constructed over an existing roof. Often called a snow roof in colder climates.
Reinforced Concrete
Concrete that is internally fortified with steel reinforcement bars or mesh placed within the concrete before it hardens. Reinforcement allows the concrete to resist tensile forces.
The horizontal line at the junction of the top edges of two sloping roof surfaces.
Ridge
Solid-Core Door
Door whose entire core is filled with solid material.
An upright post in the framework of a wall for supporting the sheets of lath and plaster, wallboard, or similar material.
Stud
Truss
Structural member used to forma roof or floor framework; trusses form triangles or combinations of tringles to provide maximum load-bearing capacity with a minimum amount of material.
Construction type in which structural member, including walls, columns, beams, floors, and roofs, are made of noncombustible or limited combustible materials and have a specified degree of fire resistance.
Type I Construction
Type II Construction
Construction type that is similar to Type I except that the degree of fire resistance is lower.
Construction type in which exterior walls and structural members are made of noncombustible or limited combustible materials, but interior structural members, including walls, columns, beams, floors, and roofs, are completely or partially constructed of wood.
Type III Construction
Heavy timber construction in which interior and exterior walls and their associated structural members are made of noncombustible or limited combustible material; interior structural framing consists of heavy timber with minimum dimensions larger than those used in Type III Construction.
Type IV Construction
Construction type in which exterior walls, bearing walls, floors, roofs, and supports are made completely or partially of wood or other approved materials of smaller dimensions than those used in Type IV constructions.
Type V Construction
