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Biology > Chapter 6 Plant Cell > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Plant Cell Flashcards

0
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

.

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1
Q

Nucleus

A

Nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
Chromatin

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2
Q

Mitochondrion

A

.

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3
Q

Peroxisome

A

.

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4
Q

Plasma membrane

A

.

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5
Q

Cell wall

A

Outer layer that maintains cells shape and protects cell from mechanical damage; made of cellulose, other polysaccharides, and protein.

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6
Q

Plasmodesmata

A

Cytoplasmic channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells

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7
Q

Chloroplast

A

Photosynthetic organelle; Converts energy of sunlight to chemical energy stored in airhead molecules

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8
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Microfilaments

Microtubules

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9
Q

Central Vacuole

A

Prominent organelle in older plant cells; functions include storage, breakdown of waste products, and hydrolysis of macromolecules; enlargement of the vacuole is a major mechanism of plant growth.

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10
Q

Ribosomes

A

Small brown dots

-protein synthses

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11
Q

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Make secretory proteins
Membrane factory for the cell
Grows in place by adding phospholipids to it’s own membrane

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12
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Synthesis of lipids, oils, matabolisim of carbohydrates,detoxification of drugs and poisons, and storage of calcium ions.

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13
Q

Enzymes of smooth ER

A

Important in synthesis of lipids, oils , steroids and new membrane phospholipids o

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14
Q

Smooth ER Sterioids

A

Are the sex hormones in animals

Tested overuse rich in ER because structural feature

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15
Q

Enzymes of the smooth ER also

A

Help detoxify drugs and poison in liver cells

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16
Q

Glycoproteins

A

Proteins with carbohydrates covalently bonded to them

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17
Q

Transitional ER

A

Secretary proteins depart from the ER Wrapped in the membranes of vesicles that bus like bubbles from specialized region

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18
Q

Transport Vesicles

A

Vesicles in transit from one part of the cell to another

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19
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

After leaving the ER, many transport vesicles travel here

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20
Q

Receiving , sorting, shipping and manufacturing center

A

Golgi apparatus

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21
Q

Cisternae

A

A membranous system of interconnected tubules and flattened sacs

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22
Q

ER Lumen

A

Cisternal space

The ER membrane separates the internal compartment of the ER

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23
Q

Endomembrane System

A

Nuclear envelope, ER, Golgi aparatus, lysosomes, vesicles and vacuoles and plasma membrane

24
Vesicles
Sacs made of membrane
25
The Golgi aparatus
Products of the ER such as proteins, are modified and stored and then sent to other destinations -exstensive in cells specialized for secretion
26
The Golgi apparatus consist of
Flattened membranous sacs (Cisternae) looking like a stack of pita bread
27
Lysosomes
Membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that many eukaryotic cells use to digest (hydrolyze) macromolecules
28
Lysosomes breaks open
Enzymes not active because cytosok has neutral ph | -excessive leakage from large # of lysosomes can dystroy cell digestion
29
Hydrolytic enzymes and lysosomal membranes
Made by rough ER and transferee to Golgi apparatus for processing
30
Phagocytosis
Amoebas and many other unicellular eukaryotic eat by engulfing smaller organisms of food particles
31
Lysosome
Contain active hydrolytic enzymes
32
Lysosomes fuse with
Food vacuole
33
Autophagy
- use hydrolytic enzymes to recycle cells own organic material - Lysosomes breaking down damages organelles
34
Vacuoles
Large vesicles derived from the ER and Golgi. | -part of Endomembrane system.
35
Food vacuoles
Formed by phagocytosis
36
Contractile vacuoles
Fresh water eukaryotes- contractile vacuoles pump excess water out of the cell, maintains a suitable concentration of ions and molecules inside the cell
37
Central vacuole (plant cell)
Develops by the coalescence of smaller vacuoles
38
Central vacuole
Growth of plant cell Enlarge as vacuole absorbs water Enabling cell to become larger with a minimal investment in new cytoplasm
39
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
Are the organelles that convert energy to forms that cells can use for work
40
Mitochondria
Are the sites of cellular respiration, the metabolic process that uses oxygen to drive the generation if ATP by extracting energy from sugars , fats and other fuels.
41
Chloroplasts
Sites of photosynthesis - converts solar energy to chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds such as sugars from carbon dioxide and water
42
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
Are independent organelles that grow and reproduce within the cell
43
Cristae
Outter membrane of mitochondria is smooth but inner has infoldings
44
Mitochondria has
Two membrane made of phospholipids bilater with unique embedded proteins
45
Mitochondrial matrix
Enclosed by the inner membrane Enzymes DNA Ribosomes
46
Mitochondria enzymes in matrix
Catalyze some steps in cellular respiration
47
Mitochondria inner membrane
Enzymes make ATP | Proteins that Function in respiration
48
Chloroplast
Contain green pigment chlorophyll, enzymes and other molecules that function in the photosynthetic Production of sugar.
49
Thylakoids (choroplast)
Membranous system in the form of flattened, interconnected sacs
50
Granum ( chloroplasts)
Thylakoids are stacked like polar chips
51
Storms (choroplast)
Fluid outside the thylakoids Contains choroplast DNA Ribosomes Enzymes
52
Plastids
Chloroplast member (Amyloplast) Colorless organelle stores starch
53
Peroxisome
Specialized metabolic compartment bounded by a single membrane.
54
Peroxisome
Contain enzymes that remove hydrogen atoms from various substrates and transfer them to oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide
55
Peroxisomes
The H2o2 is toxic but contains enzyme that converts it to water
56
Glyoxysomes (peroxisomes)
Found in far stirring tissues of plant seeds
57
Cytoskeleton
Give mechanical support to the cell and maintain it's shape | Animal cells lack walls
58
Motor proteins
Cell motility require interaction of the cytoskeleton with motor proteins ( held it move)

Biology (5 decks)

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