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Biology > Chapter 6 Plant Cell > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Plant Cell Flashcards

0
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

.

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1
Q

Nucleus

A

Nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
Chromatin

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2
Q

Mitochondrion

A

.

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3
Q

Peroxisome

A

.

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4
Q

Plasma membrane

A

.

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5
Q

Cell wall

A

Outer layer that maintains cells shape and protects cell from mechanical damage; made of cellulose, other polysaccharides, and protein.

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6
Q

Plasmodesmata

A

Cytoplasmic channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells

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7
Q

Chloroplast

A

Photosynthetic organelle; Converts energy of sunlight to chemical energy stored in airhead molecules

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8
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Microfilaments

Microtubules

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9
Q

Central Vacuole

A

Prominent organelle in older plant cells; functions include storage, breakdown of waste products, and hydrolysis of macromolecules; enlargement of the vacuole is a major mechanism of plant growth.

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10
Q

Ribosomes

A

Small brown dots

-protein synthses

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11
Q

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Make secretory proteins
Membrane factory for the cell
Grows in place by adding phospholipids to it’s own membrane

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12
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Synthesis of lipids, oils, matabolisim of carbohydrates,detoxification of drugs and poisons, and storage of calcium ions.

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13
Q

Enzymes of smooth ER

A

Important in synthesis of lipids, oils , steroids and new membrane phospholipids o

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14
Q

Smooth ER Sterioids

A

Are the sex hormones in animals

Tested overuse rich in ER because structural feature

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15
Q

Enzymes of the smooth ER also

A

Help detoxify drugs and poison in liver cells

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16
Q

Glycoproteins

A

Proteins with carbohydrates covalently bonded to them

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17
Q

Transitional ER

A

Secretary proteins depart from the ER Wrapped in the membranes of vesicles that bus like bubbles from specialized region

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18
Q

Transport Vesicles

A

Vesicles in transit from one part of the cell to another

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19
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

After leaving the ER, many transport vesicles travel here

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20
Q

Receiving , sorting, shipping and manufacturing center

A

Golgi apparatus

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21
Q

Cisternae

A

A membranous system of interconnected tubules and flattened sacs

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22
Q

ER Lumen

A

Cisternal space

The ER membrane separates the internal compartment of the ER

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23
Q

Endomembrane System

A

Nuclear envelope, ER, Golgi aparatus, lysosomes, vesicles and vacuoles and plasma membrane

24
Q

Vesicles

A

Sacs made of membrane

25
Q

The Golgi aparatus

A

Products of the ER such as proteins, are modified and stored and then sent to other destinations
-exstensive in cells specialized for secretion

26
Q

The Golgi apparatus consist of

A

Flattened membranous sacs (Cisternae) looking like a stack of pita bread

27
Q

Lysosomes

A

Membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that many eukaryotic cells use to digest (hydrolyze) macromolecules

28
Q

Lysosomes breaks open

A

Enzymes not active because cytosok has neutral ph

-excessive leakage from large # of lysosomes can dystroy cell digestion

29
Q

Hydrolytic enzymes and lysosomal membranes

A

Made by rough ER and transferee to Golgi apparatus for processing

30
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Amoebas and many other unicellular eukaryotic eat by engulfing smaller organisms of food particles

31
Q

Lysosome

A

Contain active hydrolytic enzymes

32
Q

Lysosomes fuse with

A

Food vacuole

33
Q

Autophagy

A
  • use hydrolytic enzymes to recycle cells own organic material
  • Lysosomes breaking down damages organelles
34
Q

Vacuoles

A

Large vesicles derived from the ER and Golgi.

-part of Endomembrane system.

35
Q

Food vacuoles

A

Formed by phagocytosis

36
Q

Contractile vacuoles

A

Fresh water eukaryotes- contractile vacuoles pump excess water out of the cell, maintains a suitable concentration of ions and molecules inside the cell

37
Q

Central vacuole (plant cell)

A

Develops by the coalescence of smaller vacuoles

38
Q

Central vacuole

A

Growth of plant cell
Enlarge as vacuole absorbs water
Enabling cell to become larger with a minimal investment in new cytoplasm

39
Q

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

A

Are the organelles that convert energy to forms that cells can use for work

40
Q

Mitochondria

A

Are the sites of cellular respiration, the metabolic process that uses oxygen to drive the generation if ATP by extracting energy from sugars , fats and other fuels.

41
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Sites of photosynthesis
- converts solar energy to chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds such as sugars from carbon dioxide and water

42
Q

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

A

Are independent organelles that grow and reproduce within the cell

43
Q

Cristae

A

Outter membrane of mitochondria is smooth but inner has infoldings

44
Q

Mitochondria has

A

Two membrane made of phospholipids bilater with unique embedded proteins

45
Q

Mitochondrial matrix

A

Enclosed by the inner membrane
Enzymes
DNA
Ribosomes

46
Q

Mitochondria enzymes in matrix

A

Catalyze some steps in cellular respiration

47
Q

Mitochondria inner membrane

A

Enzymes make ATP

Proteins that Function in respiration

48
Q

Chloroplast

A

Contain green pigment chlorophyll, enzymes and other molecules that function in the photosynthetic
Production of sugar.

49
Q

Thylakoids (choroplast)

A

Membranous system in the form of flattened, interconnected sacs

50
Q

Granum ( chloroplasts)

A

Thylakoids are stacked like polar chips

51
Q

Storms (choroplast)

A

Fluid outside the thylakoids
Contains choroplast DNA
Ribosomes
Enzymes

52
Q

Plastids

A

Chloroplast member
(Amyloplast)
Colorless organelle stores starch

53
Q

Peroxisome

A

Specialized metabolic compartment bounded by a single membrane.

54
Q

Peroxisome

A

Contain enzymes that remove hydrogen atoms from various substrates and transfer them to oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide

55
Q

Peroxisomes

A

The H2o2 is toxic but contains enzyme that converts it to water

56
Q

Glyoxysomes (peroxisomes)

A

Found in far stirring tissues of plant seeds

57
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Give mechanical support to the cell and maintain it’s shape

Animal cells lack walls

58
Q

Motor proteins

A

Cell motility require interaction of the cytoskeleton with motor proteins ( held it move)

Biology (5 decks)

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