Chapter 6: Phonology

Question 1

Phonology is the study of the s________ s________ of a language

Answer 1

speech sounds

Question 2

Phonemes are:

a. similar sounds
b. vowel sounds
c. distinctive sounds
d. consonantal sounds

Answer 2

c. distinctive sounds

Question 3

Can a phoneme be pronounced? Yes/No

Answer 3

No

Question 4

True/False - Two sounds in complementary distribution always appear in the same environment

Answer 4

False

Question 5

/a/ is a:

a. phone
b. an allophone
c. a phoneme

Answer 5

c. a phoneme

Question 6

True/False - Allophones must be phonetically similar

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Phonological segments are composed of ________ features ( voiced, nasal, labial…) When one such feature causes a word contrast, it is considered to be a ________ feature. Two words that differ by one such feature form a ________ pair.

Answer 7

phonetic / distinctive / minimal

Question 8

Is it possible for two sounds to differ phonetically yet be phonetically identical? Yes/No

Answer 8

Yes / free-variation

Question 9

When phonetic features are predictable (e.g nasality of vowels before a nasal consonant in English), they are said to be ________ and ________.

Answer 9

redundant / non-distinctive

Question 10

The relationship between the phonemic and phonetic representation of a word is determined by general ________ rules. Identify some such rules in the following list:
a. assimilation b. affricatisation c. feature-changing d. acquisition e. dissimilation f. deixis g. epenthesis h. anaphorisation i. metathesis j. theta assignment k. deletion l. insertion

Answer 10

phonological /

a. c. e. g. h. k. l.

Question 11

Words are composed of one or more s________ which are phonological units composed of one or more phonemes. Every syllable has a ________ preceded by one or more phonemes, called the syllable ________ and followed by one or more segments, called the syllable ________.

Answer 11

syllables / nucleus / onset / coda