Chapter 3: Syntax Flashcards
Syntax is the part of grammar that represents a speaker’s knowledge of ______ and their ______
sentences / strucutre
The speaker’s knowledge of these facts is reflected in the ______ of syntax that grammars of all languages include
rules
Every sentence is a sequence of words, but not every sequence is a sentence. Well-formed sequences are considered _______ while ill-formed sequences are _______
grammatical / ungrammatical
True/False - If a sentence is grammatical, it necessarily also is meaningful
False
True/False - One of our unconscious grammatical judgements relates to the truth of sentences
False
Sentences not only have linear word order, but also a ______ structure that groups certain words together. These groups are called ________ and are represented through _____ diagrams
hierarchical / constitutes / tree
When two sentences have the same word order but a different structure, they are instances of ________ _______. Does this entail they have different meanings? (Yes/No)
structural ambiguity / Yes
Noun phrases and verb phrases are examples of _______ categories
syntactic
Tree diagrams are also called ______ structure trees or _______ structure trees. Can they represent every sentence of every human language? (Yes/No)
phrase / constitutes / Yes
At the bottom of a tree diagram, we find ______ categories such as N, V and adj as well as ______ categories such as Det and Aux. ______ categories such as NP and VP are situated higher up., at the _____ of the diagram
lexical / functional / Phrasal / nodes
A phrase can contain two types of constitutes: a _____ and its _______
head / complements
Is the number of sentences in a language finite or infinite?
it is infinite
VP > V NP is a:
a. phrasal category
b. a phrase structure tree
c. a phase structure rule
c. a phase structure rule
What is considered to be the head of S>
a. NP
b. Aux
c. VP
b. Aux
True/False - Two sentences with a different structure may have the same meaning?
True
