Chapter 6 Pasture for Ruminant in Thailand

Question 1

Pasture

Answer 1

Big land

Question 2

Feed for Ruminant

Answer 2

1. Roughage (forage and crop residue)
2. Supplement
3. TMR (Total Mix Ratio)

Question 3

Importance of Pasture

Answer 3

Increase quality and quantity
Easy to harvest
Decrease weed and increase soil fertility
Reduce erosion
Seed production and fresh grass sale

Question 4

Process of Seed Production

Answer 4

Harvesting > Cleaning > Germination > Packing > Selling

Question 5

Process of Seed Production

Answer 5

Harvesting > Cleaning > Germination > Packing > Selling

Question 6

Tropical Pasture Species

Answer 6

1. Guinea Grass (Panicum maximum)
2. Pangola Grass ( Digitaria decumbens, Digitaria erianta)
3. Ruzi Grass ( Brachiaria ruziziensis)

Question 7

Tropical Legumes Species

Answer 7

1. Lablab purpureus
2. Leucaena leucocepala
3. Centrosema pascuorum
4. Centrosema pubescens
5. Vigna vaginalis

Question 8

How to plant

Answer 8

Stem cutting, stolons, and rooted tiller

Question 9

Planting from seed (Selection)

Answer 9

The seed must be cleaned 🐩( no pathogens, no contamination from other plants’ seed, no immature seed)

The seed must be able to germinate

Question 10

Planting from Seed (Land Preparation)

Answer 10

1. Sow in fine and firm seedbed

2. Sow the seeds just under the surface of the soil (1-2 cm depth)

Question 11

Planting Timing

Answer 11

At the beginning of rainy season ( May-July)

Plant spacing for seed production must be wider than planting forage

Question 12

Planting Method

Answer 12

Broadcasting
Drilling or planting in rows

legume seed must be soaked in warm water (70-80°C) before planting for breaking dormancy time

Question 13

Capacity of Seed per Rai

Answer 13

2kg of grass seed per rai

4kg of legumes seed per rai

Question 14

Vegetative Planting

Answer 14

Dicublekke!

Question 15

Protein Best Contain

Answer 15

4 weeks old

Question 16

Young grass or old grass?

Answer 16

Young grass is digestible.

But old grass has more fiber, longer to digest.

Question 17

Good Quality of Grass

Answer 17

1. Palatable
2. Digestibel
3. High protein

Question 18

Palatability

Answer 18

Taste good, and feel good

Question 19

Digestibility

Answer 19

Depends on the fiber level

less fiber more digestible

Question 20

High Protein

Answer 20

Support growth massively
Help microbial protein to digest the feed
Eat more protein, grow faster

Question 21

Forage Cutting Time

Answer 21

umur 35-45 hari

Question 22

Quality Improvement

Answer 22

1. Urea and manure application

2. Legume mix ( mix pasture, sole legumes)

Question 23

Tropical Forage Utilization

Answer 23

1. Cut and Carry System
2. Grazing Systems
3. Pasture Conservation

Question 24

Defoliation

Answer 24

cut the root get all parts for cattle

Question 25

Feeding Cutting System

Answer 25

Harvested then bring back to the farm

Question 26

Grazing System

Answer 26

Rotational Grazing

Strip Grazing

Question 27

Hay

Answer 27

Hay (Jerami) 
Good quality:
✓ 15% moisture
✓ Looks green and smell good
✓ Plenty of leave ( no much stalk), less weeds