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Animal Science > Chapter 4 Poultry Product in Thailand > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Poultry Product in Thailand Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Big Challenges in Poultry Industry

A

Temperature
Lack of Resources
Environmental Condition
Low Level Genetics

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2
Q

Chicken Products

A

Broiler: dominate 50% national production, cooked meat 95% export
Laying hens: Domestic consumption, the export will happen due to the over production.
Native Chicken: Domestic Consumption

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3
Q

Native Chicken Facts

A
  • No pure native chicken

- The available one is crossbreed and C-Chicken

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4
Q

C-Chicken

A

The male laying hens

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5
Q

Industry Chain

A

Crossbreed pure blood line > grand parents seedstock > produce parents > produce commercial broilers

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6
Q

Pure Blood Line

A

Perkawinan sedarah yang menghasilkan fenotif anak sama persis dengan induk

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7
Q

Evaporating Cooling System

A

Specific housing design making the artificial environment for better chicken production

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8
Q

Egg

A

consist of: cell, albument, yolk

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9
Q

Lyzozyme

A

The protein that can be defensing agent for pathogens in albumens

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10
Q

Lecithin / phosphatidyl choline

A

for nerve, brain, cell membrane, (in yolk)

for emulsifier (mixing lipid and water)

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11
Q

HAUGH UNIT EQUATION

A

HU = 100 x log (H+7.57-1.7 W (pangkat 0.37))

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12
Q

Humerus

A

Numatic bone inside only air connected to the air sac, then the air going to lung

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13
Q

Femur & Tibia

A

Calcium bank for egg cell production ( CaCO3)

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14
Q

Bone

A
  • High minerals > make it strong but light

- Straight backbone to protect for falling down

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15
Q

Eyes

A

Need enough light for stimulating brain reproducing sex hormones and organs.

180° range of sight

Sensitive for red, yellow, and orange color

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16
Q

Muscle

A

White: breast
Red: food, high hemoglobin, high level of fat

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17
Q

Brain

A

Stupid
Can’t detect smell well
Optic loop developed well

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18
Q

Respiratory System

A

✓ Oxygen capturing process
✓ High metabolism rate
✓ Lung is compact tissue
✓ Everything is efficient!

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19
Q

Air Sac & Lung

A
  • Abdominal Air Sac
  • Posterior & Anterior Thoracic Air Sac
  • Humerus Air Sac
  • Interclavicular air sac
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20
Q

Urinary

A

No urinary bladder
Pipis + eek satu lubang
Reabsorbing water so well

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21
Q

Reproductive

A

Female: only left ovary and oviduct, sexual hole is in the same hole with telek

Male: Low development of of penis, only have internal penis

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22
Q

Internal Testis

A

it is required super warm condition (42-43°C), compare to human only 37°C

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23
Q

Poultry Products

A

Meat, Egg, Feather, Skin

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24
Q

Breeding Plan

A

Pure Blood Line
Crossbreed
Commercial

25
Q

Pure Blood Line

A

AA BB CC

26
Q

Crossbreed

A

AB BC

27
Q

Commercial Breed

A

AB*BC

28
Q

Incubation Process

A 
Total days: 21 days
7 days: differentiation
7 days: growth
5 days: maturation
(19 days under temp of 100°F)
2 days: hatchery
29
Q

Age and Temperature

A

The first age needs 32°C, then gradually decrease until 20°C

30
Q

Brooding

A

Masa pengeraman pasca menetas

one cage 500 chickens

31
Q

Brooding Behavior

A
  1. too hot (separately stick into the outer line of the cage)
  2. too low (gathered to the center)
  3. draught (gathered to one part in outer line of the cage)
  4. suitable ( spread throughout the cage)
32
Q

Open house

A

using natural ventilation

33
Q

Fogging System

A

uncommon in SEA

34
Q

Evaporating Cooling Systems

A

Negative pressure inside, because it is carried out by fan

35
Q

Close system housing

A

no fan, using light (lamp)

36
Q

Growing Age in Laying Hens

A

1-17 weeks

37
Q

Lying Age

A

18-60/80/70

38
Q

The needs for growing stage

A

5.6 kg (1-17 weeks)

with body weight only 1.4 kg

39
Q

The needs for lying stage

A

Egg weight: 60-70g (after reach 32 weeks)

Number of eggs: 250-260 eggs in 60 weeks

Feed: 107 gr/ day

40
Q

Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR)

A

“How much feed (kg) needed to produce 1kg product”

41
Q

Normal FCR Conversion

A

20-60 weeks age

2.02 - 2.07 kg to be converted into 1 kg chicken

42
Q

Growing Space Recommendation

A
  • Cage: high cost, high density, narrow space

* Floor: low cost, low density, need wide space

43
Q

Brooding Temperature

A
  • Cage: lower temp, less electricity

* Floor: higher temp, more electricity

44
Q

Break Trimming

A

Only for laying hens to prevent cannibalism

45
Q

Laying Hens Water Need

A

Age 1 week : 0.8 - 1.1 liter / 100 chicken

Age 16-20 weeks: 7.2 - 15.2 liter/ 100 ch

Age over 25 weeks: 15.2-20.8 liter/ 100 ch

46
Q

Egg and Body Weight in the Peak Condition

A

Egg: 60 - 70 gr/ butir ; age 32 and over

Body: 1.4 kg to 2.0 kg ; age >17 weeks

47
Q

Broiler Phase of Production

Based on Strain Recommendation

A
  1. Starter: 1-21 days (1-3 weeks)
  2. Grower: 22-42 days (4-6 weeks)
  3. Finisher: 43-49 days ( 6-7 weeks)
48
Q

Moisture for Broiler

A

60 - 70%

Higher: die
Lower: dehydration and aggressive

49
Q

Temperature for Broiler

A

32°C for beginning, gradually decrease until 20°C

50
Q

Stock Density

A

2.27 (~2.2 kg) * 12.7 chickens > 1 m2

Gampangnya: dalam satu.kandang ukuran 1 meter persegi, ayam yang ada didalam harus sejumlah 12 ekor dengan berat rata-rata masing-masing ~2.2 kg.

51
Q

Broiler Feed

A

Mash Form : so cheap for layers in lying stage

Pellet Form: for gradually eating after starter

Crumb Form: expensive, good nutrition for starter.

52
Q

Broiler Feder Model

A

Bell : 8 drinkers (diameter 40 cm) / 1000 chickens

Nipple: 83 nipples/ 1000 chickens or 9-12 birds/ nipple

53
Q

Broiler Water Quality

A

sodium: 50 ppm/ mmHg

pH: ~6.5

Volume: 2x feed

54
Q

Broiler Light Needs

A

s.d 2.5 kg : age 0-8 days (23 light, 1 dark); age 8-3 days before slaughter (20 light, 4 dark)

diatas 2.5 kg.: age 0-8 days (23 light, 1 dark); age 8-3 days before slaughter (18 light, 6 dark)

55
Q

Discase Exposure

A

No trees around, for preventing the avian flu.

56
Q

Bedding

A

harus sehat, gak berjamur, gak ada patogen

57
Q

Uniformity

A

CV% lower than 10% (Coefficient of Valience)

semakin rendah, semakin seragam, semakin baik

58
Q

Why must uniform?

A
  • to make easier for monitoring
  • easier to predict the growth
  • easier to sell

Animal Science (6 decks)

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