Chapter 5 Ruminant Nutrition in Thailand Flashcards
Ruminant vs. Non ruminant
I know
First Stomach
Rumen:
- Microbes fermentation
- Rumerous papilae for increasing surface area
- Process the fiber by microbes help
Second Stomach
Helping rumen activity to re-fermen process (fermentation)
Third Stomach
Has many plies
Function for drying the feed
Microbes activity
Last and True Stomach
- Re-digest everything
- Digest Protein through the help of bacteria
- Nutrients hydrolysis
- Strong acid condition killing the microbes
Rumination
- Eating grass by pulling it, then swallow and no chewing process
- go to rumen
- go to reticulum
- go back to the mouth for rechewing and pH control
- Reswallow
Eructation
?
Feeding the Bugs, Feeding the Cow
If microbes happy, ruminant will healthy.
The main process of microbes (bacteria, fungus, protozoa) eating in rumen and reticulum
Rumen Ecology
- top part of rumen is gas area (NH4 and CO2, green house gases)
- The longer feed stalk is floating in hmthe upper surface of liquid part in rumen
- the smaller feed part will be under the longer part
- The contraction always happen in rumen, moving up the feed into reticulum
- pH 6.5-7.0
- Temperature 39°C
- Digestion process in aerobics condition
Small Intestine
Digestion and re-absorb nutrients
Volatile Fatty Acids
Fermentation output
3 kinds:
C2 Acetate
C3 Propionate
C4 Butyrate
Gas Product
Methane (CH4)
CO2
Bloat
Gas over accumulated in the rumen (left side first stomach), causing death for ruminant
Trocar
Manual treatment for bloat phenomenon, by sticking the trocar to the left stomach
Ruminant Stomach Comparison
Baby: abomasum 60%, rumen 25% due to the lack of microbes and their main food is milk, going directly from esophagus to abomasum
After weaning: Rumen 80% and abomasum 7%, because the main food is green
