Chapter 6 Part 2

Question 1

Internal validity

Produces an unambiguous explanation for the r……….. between the two variables

Threat-any other possible e……….

Answer 1

Produces an unambiguous explanation for the relationship between the two variables

Threat-any other possible explanation

Question 2

Validity and the quality of a research study

Determined by the extent to which the study satisfies the criteria of i……. and e……. validity

Threat to validity

Answer 2

Determined by the extent to which the study satisfies the criteria of internal and external validity

Threat to validity

Question 3

Threats to external validity

• any characteristic of the study that limits the g……… of the results
• three general categories

Category 1= generalizing across p……….. or s…….

Category 2= generalizing across features of a s….

Category 3= generalizing across features of the m…….

Answer 3

-any characteristic of the study that limits the generality of the results

-three general categories
Category 1= generalizing across participants or subjects

Category 2= generalizing across features of a study

Category 3= generalizing across features of the measures

Question 4

Threats to generalizing across participants or subjects

S…….. Bias

Answer 4

Selection bias

Question 5

Threats to generalizing across features of a study

N…… Effects

Answer 5

Novelty effects

Question 6

Threats to generalizing across features of the measures

S…………

Time of m……….

Answer 6

Sensitization

Time of measurement

Question 7

Threats to internal validity

What are extraneous variables?
-any variables in a research study other than the s……. variables being studied

-con…….. variables are extraneous variables (usually unmonitored)

Answer 7

What are extraneous variables?
-any variables in a research study other than the specific variables being studied

-confounding variables are extraneous variables (usually unmonitored)

Question 8

General threats to the internal validity of a research study

-e………… variables
General threats for all designs

-a……… bias
Participant-related threats for designs that compare different groups

-t…-related variables
Threats for designs that compare one group over time

Answer 8

-environmental variables
General threats for all designs

-assignment bias
Participant-related threats for designs that compare different groups

-time-related variables
Threats for designs that compare one group over time

Question 9

More about internal and external validity

Goal of research is to maximize I……. and e……. validity

Balancing internal and external validity
-there tends to be a trade-off between internal and external validity

Answer 9

Goal of research is to maximize internal and external validity

Balancing internal and external validity
-there tends to be a trade-off between internal and external validity

Question 10

Threats to both internal and external validity

Artifact: an e……. factor that may inf…… or distort measurements

Exaggerated variables

Answer 10

Artifact: an external factor that may influence or distort measurements

Exaggerated variables

Question 11

What are 3 different kinds of generalization, each of which can involve threats to external validity?

Answer 11

P