Chapter 6 Part 1

Question 1

Relationships between variables may be:

L…..

C……….

P……. or n…….

Answer 1

Linear

Curvilinear

Positive or negative

Question 2

Correlational research

Measures two variables from the same p…..

Resulting graph is a s…… p…

Correlation does not equal causation

Answer 2

Measures two variables from the same person

Resulting graph is a scatter plot

Correlation does not equal causation

Question 3

Experimental research study

Answer 3

P

Question 4

Quasi experimental research study

Answer 4

P

Question 5

Nonexperimental research study

Answer 5

T

Question 6

Nonexperimental and Correlational…..

Same goal!
-both are designed to demonstrate that a relationship exists between two v……..

Types of data differ

Answer 6

Same goal!

-both are designed to demonstrate that a relationship exists between two variables

Question 7

Research strategies are grouped into three broad categories:

1) strategies that examine individual v……..

2) strategies that examine relationships between variables
- measure two or more variables for each p……….

3) strategies that examine relationships between variables
- compare two or more groups of s…..

Answer 7

1) strategies that examine individual variables

2) strategies that examine relationships between variables
- measure two or more variables for each participant

3) strategies that examine relationships between variables
- compare two or more groups of scores

Question 8

(Category 1) Descriptive

Purpose:

Data: a list of scores obtained by m........ each individual in the group being studied
Example= on average, local college students study 12.5 hours outside of class each week and get 7.2 hours of sleep each night

Answer 8

Purpose:

Data: a list of scores obtained by measuring each individual in the group being studied
Example= on average, local college students study 12.5 hours outside of class each week and get 7.2 hours of sleep each night

Question 9

(Category 2) Correlational

Purpose:

Data: measure two v…….. (two scores) for each individual in the group being studied
Example: there is a relationship between wake-up times and GPA for college students, but we don’t know why

Answer 9

Purpose:

Data: measure two variables (two scores) for each individual in the group being studied
Example: there is a relationship between wake-up times and GPA for college students, but we don’t know why

Question 10

(Category 3) experimental

Purpose:

Data: create two treatment conditions by changing the l…. of one variable; then measure a second v……. for the participants in each condition
Example= increasing the amount of exercise causes a decrease in cholesterol levels

Answer 10

Purpose:

Data: create two treatment conditions by changing the level of one variable; then measure a second variable for the participants in each condition
Example= increasing the amount of exercise causes a decrease in cholesterol levels

Question 11

(Category 3) quasi-experimental

Purpose:

Data: measure b…../a…. scores for one group that receives a treatment and for a different group that does not receive the treatment
Example= the treatment may cause a reduction in smoking behavior, but the reduced smoking may be caused by something else

Answer 11

Purpose:

Data: measure before/after scores for one group that receives a treatment and for a different group that does not receive the treatment
Example= the treatment may cause a reduction in smoking behavior, but the reduced smoking may be caused by something else

Question 12

(Category 3) Nonexperimental

Purpose:

Data: measure scores for two d…….. groups of participants or for one group at two different t….
Example= there is a relationship between gender and verbal ability: girls tend to have higher verbal skills than boys, but we don’t know why.

Answer 12

(Category 3) Nonexperimental

Purpose:

Data: measure scores for two different groups of participants or for one group at two different times
Example= there is a relationship between gender and verbal ability: girls tend to have higher verbal skills than boys, but we don’t know why.

Question 13

Research procedures

Details about how the study is to be d…
-exact step by step description of a specific research study

Includes a determination of:

• exactly how the variables will be m………., r…….., and m…….
• exactly how many individuals will be i…….
• exactly how the individual participants will proceed through the course of the study.

Answer 13

Details about how the study is to be done
-exact step by step description of a specific research study

Includes a determination of:

• exactly how the variables will be manipulated, regulated, and measured
• exactly how many individuals will be involved
• exactly how the individual participants will proceed through the course of the study.

Question 14

Descriptive studies s…….. single variables for a specific group of i……….

Answer 14

Descriptive studies summarise single variables for a specific group of individuals

Question 15

Descriptive research strategy

Obtains a snapshot (description) of specific c………….. of a special group of individuals

Data is usually in the form of a……. Or percentages

Answer 15

Obtains a snapshot (description) of specific characteristics of a special group of individuals

Data is usually in the form of averages or percentages