Chapter 6 outline Flashcards
How are cell respiration adn photosynthesis similar/differnet?
Photosynthesis: where plants create glucose and oxygen out of sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water. Cellular respiration: breaks down glucose into usable energy for the cell. They are opposite processes that fuel each other in a never-ending cycle
Why must our cells convert the chemical energy of food into ATP?
All living things depend on transformations of energy and matter. It is the cellular currency of energy
What is Redox?
It is reduction of oxidation
How does redox work?
Chemical reactions that transfer/charge electrons
What is the Krebs cycle?
It is the complete breakdown of sugar, NADH
What is the Electron Transport Chain (ETC)?
Takes free electrons to where they need to go. All trying to produce ATP.
Why is NADH important, what does it do?
NADH is like a electron shuttle bus that picks electrons up and takes them to where they need to go.
How many carbons are in glucose? pyruvic acid? Acetyl-CoA?
Glucose= 6 carbons, Pyruvic Acid= 3 carbons, Acetyl-CoA= 2 carbons
What are the roles of electrons and hydrogen ions in the ETC?
The hydrogen ions = protons (positive) They get pumped over a membrane and when they flow back through, they release a lot of energy.
How does ATP synthase work?
This machine called an ATP synthase is constructed from proteins built into the inner mitochondrial membrane. ATP molecules are produced by ATP synthase, powered by the “fall” of electrons from food too oxygen.
How many ATP are produced during each stage of cell respiration?
2 from glycolysis, 2 from the Krebs cycle, and about 34 from the electron transport system. Total of 38.
What is the role of oxygen?
If electrons are unable to grab oxygen as they move down the ETC then there is nothing available to drive cellular repiration.
How is water formed?
two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom that are opposites hold a bond together because they attract
