Chapter 6- Organic families

Question 1

alcohol family

Answer 1

Set of organic compounds that contain the hydroxyl functional group

Question 2

alkane family

Answer 2

Set of saturated hydrocarbons in which all carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds; all the members of this family have the general molecular formula CnH(2n+2)

Question 3

alkanols

Answer 3

A name given by some chemists to those alcohols that have derived from alkanes; not a name adopted by IUPAC

Question 4

alkene family

Answer 4

Set of hydrocarbons in which two of the carbon atoms are joined by a double covalent bond and all other carbons are joined by single covalent bonds; these are unsaturated hydrocarbons of the general formula CnH2n

Question 5

alkyl group

Answer 5

Group of atoms derived from an alkane that is attached to the main chain of a molecule of an organic compound. It contains one less hydrogen atom than its parent alkane and has the general formula CnH(2n+1)

Question 6

amine family

Answer 6

Set of organic compounds that contain the amino functional group and have the general formula RNH2 where “R” is an alkyl group.

Question 7

amino functional group

Answer 7

The -NH2 functional group, which is present in organic families such as the amines and amino acids

Question 8

organic family

Answer 8

Set of organic compounds that have very similar properties because they have particular functional groups present and hence similar, related structures

Question 9

functional group

Answer 9

Special atom or group of atoms present in the molecules of a number of families of organic compounds, which is attached to or inserted between the carbon atoms and which causes the molecules to exhibit particular properties; one example is the OH (hydroxyl) group present in the family of alcohols

Question 10

Hydrocarbon

Answer 10

Organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen

Question 11

Homologous series

Answer 11

Series of organic compounds that have the same structural features and in which the formula of each molecule in the family differs from the previous member by the addition of CH2

Question 12

Hydrophilic

Answer 12

Attracted to water (water loving)

Question 13

Hydrophobic

Answer 13

More attracted to like particles than to water molecules and so tends to be immiscible with water (water hating)

Question 14

Electronegativity

Answer 14

Measure of the electron-attracting power of an atom; it is deduced from the strength of bonding present in its compounds

Question 15

Dispersion forces

Answer 15

Electrostatic forces of attraction which act between instantaneous dipoles present on adjacent molecules; weak, non-directional intermolecular bonding also known as Van der Waal’s forces

Question 16

Density

Answer 16

Mass of a given unit volume of a substance, usually measured in grams per cubic centimetre (g cm^-3)

Question 17

Non polar

Answer 17

Description of a molecule that has no permanent build-up of charge in any region, because it is symmetrical or composed of atoms identical or almost the same electronegativity; these molecules are not affected by an electric field. Hydrocarbons are examples of non-polar compounds

Question 18

Carboxylic acid family

Answer 18

Set of organic compounds that contains the carboxyl functional group and has the general formula RCOOH, where R is a hydrocarbon group

Question 19

Carboxylic functional group

Answer 19

the -COOH group present in certain families of organic compounds, such as carboxylic acids and amino acids

Question 20

Chloroalkane family

Answer 20

Set of organic compounds in wihch all carbon-carbon bonds are single that contains the chloro functional group

Question 21

Chloro functional group

Answer 21

the -Cl functional group that is present in families of organic compounds such as the chloroalkanes

Question 22

Saturated compound

Answer 22

Organic compound in which all carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds.

Question 23

Semi-structural formula

Answer 23

Molecular formula that indicates the sequence of atoms along a carbon chain, and which also shows the atoms that are attached to them

Question 24

Side group

Answer 24

Groups of atoms, such as a CH3 group, which are attached to the main chain of carbon atoms in an organic molecule

Question 25

Straight chain isomer

Answer 25

Structural isomer of an organic compound that has no side groups

Question 26

Structural isomers

Answer 26

Molecules that have the same molecular formula but a different spatial arrangement of the atoms and hence different properties

Question 27

Systematic name

Answer 27

Name of a compound that has been determined by using systematic nomencluture

Question 28

Systematic nomecluture

Answer 28

Systematic naming system for naming the different structural isomers or members of different organic families

Question 29

Branched-chain isomers

Answer 29

Structural isomer of an organic compound that has one or more side groups (such as a methyl group) attached to the main chain

Question 30

Hydroxyl functional group

Answer 30

the -OH group present in certain organic families such as the alcohols

Question 31

Immiscible

Answer 31

Description of two liquids that do not mix and instead form two separate layers; an example is oil and water

Question 32

Instantaneous dipole

Answer 32

Molecule in which there are regions where there is a momentary build-up of minute positive or negative charges caused by the rapid movement of electrons

Question 33

Unsaturated (compound)

Answer 33

Organic compound that contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond or carbon-carbon triple bond

Question 34

Viscosity

Answer 34

Ability of a fluid to resist flowing

Question 35

Viscous

Answer 35

Describes a liquid that flows very slowly