Chapter 6 - Nutrition Flashcards
The true glandular stomach in the ruminant
Abomasum
Having feed available at all times
Ad Libitum
Conditions that lack molecular oxygen
Anaerobic
The incombustible residue remaining after complete combustion of a sample. Considered to be the mineral matter of a feed.
Ash
A rounded mass that is ready to swallow
Bolus
Chemically defined as polyhydroxyl aldehydes or ketones, or substances that can be hydrolyzed to them
Carbohydrates
Animals that subsist on meat
Carnivore
A carbohydrate composed of thousands of glucose molecules that forms the support structure of plants
Cellulose
The mixture of food, saliva, and gastric secretions as it is ready to leave the stomach and move into the duodenum
Chyme
Eating feces
Coprophagy
An area where young nursing animals can have access to starter feeds
Creep
In proximate analysis, the insoluble carbohydrates remaining in a feed after boiling in acid alkali
Crude fiber
An estimate of protein cont obtained by multiplying the nitrogen content of a substance by a factor, usually 6.25.
Crude protein
The act of swallowing
Deglutition
All of the feed consumed by an animal, including water
Diet
A measure of the degree to which a feedstuff can be chemically simplified and absorbed by the digestive system
Digestibility
The physical, chemical, and enzymatic means the body used to render a feedstuff ready for absorption
Digestion
Everything in a feed other than water
Dry matter
Proteins capable of catalyzing reactions associated with a specific substrate
Enzymes
Belching
Eructation
In proximate analysis, the portion of a sample that is removed by extraction with a fat solvent such as Ethel ether
Ether extract
Product per unit of feed
Feed efficiency
The process of adding tissues similar to those already present in the body to increase the size of an organism to the goal of maturity when growth stops
Growth
Animals that eat a diet of only plant material
Herbivore
Polymers of phenolic acids found in plants as part of the structural component of the plant
Lignin
The nutritional needs of the animal exclusive of those required for a productive function
Maintenance
The process of chewing
Mastication
The specific set of inorganic elements thus far established as necessary for life in one or more animal species
Minerals
Having only one stomach
Monogastric
In proximate analysis, the measure of readily available carbohydrates calculated by subtracting all measured proximate components from 100
Nitrogen-free Extract
Animals that eat both plant and animal based foods
Omnivore
The progressive, squeezing movements produced by the contraction of muscle fibers in the wall of the digestive tract
Peristalsis
A measure of the presence and digestibility of essential amino acids in a feedstuff
Protein quality
The specific feed allotment given to an animal in a 24 hour period
Ration
A bully feedstuff with low weight per unit fiber. Less digestible than forages
Roughage
Hooved animals that have a rumen and chew their cud
Ruminant
The process in a ruminant where a cud or bolus of rumen contents is regurgitated, remasticated, and res wallowed for further digestion
Rumination
The elaboration of the mixed secretion (saliva) produced primarily in three bilateral pairs of glands in the mouth known as salivary glands
Salivation
A relationship in which dissimilar organisms live together or in close association
Symbiosis
Term that is used to group together a dissimilar set of organic substances required in very small quantities by the body
Vitamin
Physical exertion as a production function
Work
Fat cells or fat tissue
Adipose
Refers to feeding feeds that contain their normal amount of moisture
As fed
A nutrient that cannot be synthesized by the body in sufficient quantities to meet requirements and must be supplied in the diet
Essential nutrient
Ingredient added to a diet to perform a specific role other than supplying nutrients
Non-nutritive feed additive
Anaerobic metabolic process that converts sugars to acids, gases, and/or alcohol using yeast or bacteria
Fermentation
The process by which partially digested feed is cast up to the mouth as a normal part of digestion
Regurgitation
Forage or other plant materials such as corn fodder that is preserved by fermentation; similar to pickled food for humans
Silage
A group of short-chain fatty acids produced by microbes in the rumen
Volatile fatty acids
