Chapter 6 - Nutrition

Question 1

The true glandular stomach in the ruminant

Answer 1

Abomasum

Question 2

Having feed available at all times

Answer 2

Ad Libitum

Question 3

Conditions that lack molecular oxygen

Answer 3

Anaerobic

Question 4

The incombustible residue remaining after complete combustion of a sample. Considered to be the mineral matter of a feed.

Answer 4

Ash

Question 5

A rounded mass that is ready to swallow

Answer 5

Bolus

Question 6

Chemically defined as polyhydroxyl aldehydes or ketones, or substances that can be hydrolyzed to them

Answer 6

Carbohydrates

Question 7

Animals that subsist on meat

Answer 7

Carnivore

Question 8

A carbohydrate composed of thousands of glucose molecules that forms the support structure of plants

Answer 8

Cellulose

Question 9

The mixture of food, saliva, and gastric secretions as it is ready to leave the stomach and move into the duodenum

Answer 9

Chyme

Question 10

Eating feces

Answer 10

Coprophagy

Question 11

An area where young nursing animals can have access to starter feeds

Answer 11

Creep

Question 12

In proximate analysis, the insoluble carbohydrates remaining in a feed after boiling in acid alkali

Answer 12

Crude fiber

Question 13

An estimate of protein cont obtained by multiplying the nitrogen content of a substance by a factor, usually 6.25.

Answer 13

Crude protein

Question 14

The act of swallowing

Answer 14

Deglutition

Question 15

All of the feed consumed by an animal, including water

Answer 15

Diet

Question 16

A measure of the degree to which a feedstuff can be chemically simplified and absorbed by the digestive system

Answer 16

Digestibility

Question 17

The physical, chemical, and enzymatic means the body used to render a feedstuff ready for absorption

Answer 17

Digestion

Question 18

Everything in a feed other than water

Answer 18

Dry matter

Question 19

Proteins capable of catalyzing reactions associated with a specific substrate

Answer 19

Enzymes

Question 20

Belching

Answer 20

Eructation

Question 21

In proximate analysis, the portion of a sample that is removed by extraction with a fat solvent such as Ethel ether

Answer 21

Ether extract

Question 22

Product per unit of feed

Answer 22

Feed efficiency

Question 23

The process of adding tissues similar to those already present in the body to increase the size of an organism to the goal of maturity when growth stops

Answer 23

Growth

Question 24

Animals that eat a diet of only plant material

Answer 24

Herbivore

Question 25

Polymers of phenolic acids found in plants as part of the structural component of the plant

Answer 25

Lignin

Question 26

The nutritional needs of the animal exclusive of those required for a productive function

Answer 26

Maintenance

Question 27

The process of chewing

Answer 27

Mastication

Question 28

The specific set of inorganic elements thus far established as necessary for life in one or more animal species

Answer 28

Minerals

Question 29

Having only one stomach

Answer 29

Monogastric

Question 30

In proximate analysis, the measure of readily available carbohydrates calculated by subtracting all measured proximate components from 100

Answer 30

Nitrogen-free Extract

Question 31

Animals that eat both plant and animal based foods

Answer 31

Omnivore

Question 32

The progressive, squeezing movements produced by the contraction of muscle fibers in the wall of the digestive tract

Answer 32

Peristalsis

Question 33

A measure of the presence and digestibility of essential amino acids in a feedstuff

Answer 33

Protein quality

Question 34

The specific feed allotment given to an animal in a 24 hour period

Answer 34

Ration

Question 35

A bully feedstuff with low weight per unit fiber. Less digestible than forages

Answer 35

Roughage

Question 36

Hooved animals that have a rumen and chew their cud

Answer 36

Ruminant

Question 37

The process in a ruminant where a cud or bolus of rumen contents is regurgitated, remasticated, and res wallowed for further digestion

Answer 37

Rumination

Question 38

The elaboration of the mixed secretion (saliva) produced primarily in three bilateral pairs of glands in the mouth known as salivary glands

Answer 38

Salivation

Question 39

A relationship in which dissimilar organisms live together or in close association

Answer 39

Symbiosis

Question 40

Term that is used to group together a dissimilar set of organic substances required in very small quantities by the body

Answer 40

Vitamin

Question 41

Physical exertion as a production function

Answer 41

Work

Question 42

Fat cells or fat tissue

Answer 42

Adipose

Question 43

Refers to feeding feeds that contain their normal amount of moisture

Answer 43

As fed

Question 44

A nutrient that cannot be synthesized by the body in sufficient quantities to meet requirements and must be supplied in the diet

Answer 44

Essential nutrient

Question 45

Ingredient added to a diet to perform a specific role other than supplying nutrients

Answer 45

Non-nutritive feed additive

Question 46

Anaerobic metabolic process that converts sugars to acids, gases, and/or alcohol using yeast or bacteria

Answer 46

Fermentation

Question 47

The process by which partially digested feed is cast up to the mouth as a normal part of digestion

Answer 47

Regurgitation

Question 48

Forage or other plant materials such as corn fodder that is preserved by fermentation; similar to pickled food for humans

Answer 48

Silage

Question 49

A group of short-chain fatty acids produced by microbes in the rumen

Answer 49

Volatile fatty acids