Chapter 4 - Genetics

Question 1

When the total phenotypic effect is the sum of the individual effects of the alleles

Answer 1

Addictive gene action

Question 2

One of two or more alternative forms of a gene occupying corresponding sites (loci) on homologous chromosomes

Answer 2

Alleles

Question 3

A collective set of tools and applications of living organisms to make or modify products, improve plants or animals, or develop micro organisms for specific uses

Answer 3

Biotechnology

Question 4

Animals with common ancestry that have distinguishable fixed characteristics

Answer 4

Breed

Question 5

Mating animals of diverse genetic backgrounds within a species

Answer 5

Cross breeding

Question 6

A value equal to half the breeding value for an animal

Answer 6

EPD (Expected Progeny Difference)

Question 7

Interaction among genes at different loci

Answer 7

Epistasis

Question 8

Mature sperm on the male and the egg or ova in the female

Answer 8

Gametes

Question 9

A short segment of a chromosome. Direct the synthesis of proteins or perform regulatory functions

Answer 9

Gene

Question 10

The technologies from moving genes from one animal or one species to another

Answer 10

Genetic engineering

Question 11

The complete genetic material of an organism

Answer 11

Genome

Question 12

The genetic makeup of an organism

Answer 12

Genotype

Question 13

The process of improving animals for some productive function by consecutive mating with animals considered to be genetically superior

Answer 13

Grading Up

Question 14

A measure of the proportion of phenotypic variation that is caused by addictive gene effects

Answer 14

Heritability

Question 15

The superiority of an outbred individual relative to the average performance of the parent populations included in the gross

Answer 15

Heterosis

Question 16

Chromosomes with the same size and shape occurring in pairs, and affecting the same traits

Answer 16

Homologous

Question 17

When two genes of a pair are the same

Answer 17

Homozygous

Question 18

Mating systems in which mated individuals have one common ancestor appearing several times at least three to four generations back in the pedigree

Answer 18

Inbreeding

Question 19

The process of mating less closely related individuals when compared to the average of the population

Answer 19

Outbreeding

Question 20

Two breed cross animals

Answer 20

F1

Question 21

A measure of individual performance for a specific unit

Answer 21

Phenotypic value

Question 22

The process of allowing some animals to be parents more than others

Answer 22

Selection

Question 23

Distinctive features in which one breed differs from another

Answer 23

Breed type

Question 24

The physical forms of an animal; it’s shape and arrangement of parts

Answer 24

Confirmation

Question 25

To eliminate on or more animals from a herd or flock

Answer 25

Cull

Question 26

Animals that have the same sire and dam, or one parents in common

Answer 26

Full (Half) Siblings

Question 27

The record of ancestry of an animal

Answer 27

Pedigree

Question 28

An animal eligible for registry with a recognized breed organization

Answer 28

Purebred

Question 29

A very inferior animal in breeding and conformation. Ancestry unknown.

Answer 29

Scrub