Chapter 4 - Genetics Flashcards
When the total phenotypic effect is the sum of the individual effects of the alleles
Addictive gene action
One of two or more alternative forms of a gene occupying corresponding sites (loci) on homologous chromosomes
Alleles
A collective set of tools and applications of living organisms to make or modify products, improve plants or animals, or develop micro organisms for specific uses
Biotechnology
Animals with common ancestry that have distinguishable fixed characteristics
Breed
Mating animals of diverse genetic backgrounds within a species
Cross breeding
A value equal to half the breeding value for an animal
EPD (Expected Progeny Difference)
Interaction among genes at different loci
Epistasis
Mature sperm on the male and the egg or ova in the female
Gametes
A short segment of a chromosome. Direct the synthesis of proteins or perform regulatory functions
Gene
The technologies from moving genes from one animal or one species to another
Genetic engineering
The complete genetic material of an organism
Genome
The genetic makeup of an organism
Genotype
The process of improving animals for some productive function by consecutive mating with animals considered to be genetically superior
Grading Up
A measure of the proportion of phenotypic variation that is caused by addictive gene effects
Heritability
The superiority of an outbred individual relative to the average performance of the parent populations included in the gross
Heterosis
Chromosomes with the same size and shape occurring in pairs, and affecting the same traits
Homologous
When two genes of a pair are the same
Homozygous
Mating systems in which mated individuals have one common ancestor appearing several times at least three to four generations back in the pedigree
Inbreeding
The process of mating less closely related individuals when compared to the average of the population
Outbreeding
Two breed cross animals
F1
A measure of individual performance for a specific unit
Phenotypic value
The process of allowing some animals to be parents more than others
Selection
Distinctive features in which one breed differs from another
Breed type
The physical forms of an animal; it’s shape and arrangement of parts
Confirmation
To eliminate on or more animals from a herd or flock
Cull
Animals that have the same sire and dam, or one parents in common
Full (Half) Siblings
The record of ancestry of an animal
Pedigree
An animal eligible for registry with a recognized breed organization
Purebred
A very inferior animal in breeding and conformation. Ancestry unknown.
Scrub
