Chapter 5 - Physiology Flashcards
Period of time when a female is not having estrous
Anestrous
Specialized milk production in the early days following parturition to provide extra nutrients and immune function to the young
Colostrum
When the sperm fertilizes the ovum
Conception
Difficulty in birthing
Dystocia
The time from one period of sexual reciprocity in the female to the next
Estrous cycle
The period when a female is receptive to mating (heat)
Estrous
Feeding extra feed to stimulate estrous and ovulation rates
Flushing
Condition in cattle in which the female is undergone because of improper development of the female anatomy
Freemartin
The period when the female is pregnant
Gestation
Sex organs
Gonads
In a test tube or other environment outside the body
In vitro
An organs return to a normal state or normal size
Involution
Sexual drive
Libido
Inflammation of the mammary gland, most often caused by bacterial infection
Mastitis
Exhibiting only one estrous cycle
Monoestrus
Release of the ovum of egg from the ovary
Ovulation
Process of giving birth
Parturition
Immunity conferred to an animal through preformed antibodies that it receives from an outside source
Passive immunity
Exhibiting more than one estrous cycle
Polyestrus
After parturition
Postpartum
Transitional state though which animals progress from an immature reproduction and hormonal state to a mature state
Puberty
Characteristics that differentiate the sexes from each other
Secondary sex characteristics
Fluid from the male that contains sperm from the testes and secretion from several other reproductive organs
Semen
A unit of male animals kept for breeding
Stud
To give birth to a calf
Calve
The retention of one or both testicles in the abdominal cavity of an animal that normally has restocked descended into the scrotal sac
Cryptorchidism
Non-pregnant females that have active estrous cycles
Cycling
Refers to a non-lactating mature female mammal
Dry
Very early stage of development of an individual within the uterus, typically the second half of pregnancy
Embryo
A chemical substance secreted by a ductless glad
Hormone
Refers to non-pregnant females
Open
Number of different times a female has given birth
Parity
Reproducing regularly and numerously
Prolific
To breed or mate
Service
To become pregnant
Settle
Situated in front or towards the front part of a point of reference; towards the head of the animal
Anterior
Toward the tail of an animal
Caudal
Toward the head of an animal
Cranial
Position that is distant from the point of attachment of an organ
Distal
Of, on, or near the back of an animal
Dorsal
Away from the median plane
Lateral
Toward the median plane
Medial
The plane that divides the body into left and right halves, front to rear
Median plane
Toward the rear end of an animal
Posterior
The position closest to the point of attachment of an organ
Proximal
Away from (below) the backbone or toward the mid-abdominal wall
Ventral
