Chapter 6 - Nouns

Question 1

Noun paradigm strong, masculine

Answer 1

Strong, masc: nom sg:-; acc sg:-; gen sg: -es; dat sg: -e; nom pl: -as; acc pl: -as; gen pl: -a; dat pl: -um

Question 2

Noun paradigm strong, neuter

Answer 2

Strong, neut: nom sg:-; acc sg:-; gen sg: -es; dat sg: -e; nom pl: -u/-; acc pl: -u/-; gen pl: -a; dat pl: -um

Question 3

Noun paradigm strong, feminine

Answer 3

Strong, fem: nom sg:-u/-; acc sg:-e; gen sg: -e; dat sg: -e; nom pl: -a; acc pl: -a; gen pl: -a; dat pl: -um

Question 4

Declension: stān

Answer 4

Stān “stone” – strong masc: nom sg: stān; acc sg: stān; gen sg: stānes; dat sg: stāne; nom pl: stānas; acc pl: stānas; gen pl: stāna; dat pl: stānum

Question 5

Declension: scip

Answer 5

Scip “ship”– strong neuter, short: nom sg: scip; acc sg: scip; gen sg: scipes; dat sg: scipe; nom pl: scipu; acc pl: scipu; gen pl: scipa; dat pl: scipum

Question 6

Declension: Þing

Answer 6

Þing “thing” -strong, neut long: nom sg:Þing; acc sg: Þing; gen sg: Þinges; dat sg: Þinge; nom pl: Þing; acc pl: Þing; gen pl:Þinga; dat pl: Þingum

Question 7

Declension: ġiefu

Answer 7

Ġiefu “gift” -strong, fem, short: nom sg: ġiefu; acc sg: ġiefe; gen sg: ġiefe; dat sg: ġiefe; nom pl: ġiefa; acc pl: ġiefa; gen pl: ġiefa; dat pl: ġiefum

Question 8

Declension: sorg

Answer 8

Sorg “sorrow” Strong, fem long: nom sg: sorg; acc sg: sorge; gen sg: sorge; dat sg: sorge; nom pl: sorga; acc pl: sorga; gen pl: sorga; dat pl: sorgum

Question 9

Noun paradigm weak, masculine

Answer 9

Weak, masc: nom sg:-a; acc sg:-an; gen sg: -an; dat sg: -an; nom pl: -an; acc pl: -an; gen pl: -ena; dat pl: -um

Question 10

Noun paradigm weak, neuter

Answer 10

Weak, neuter: nom sg:-e; acc sg:-e; gen sg: -an; dat sg: -an; nom pl: -an; acc pl: -an; gen pl: -ena; dat pl: -um

Question 11

Noun paradigm weak, feminine

Answer 11

Weak, feminine: nom sg:-e; acc sg:-an; gen sg: -an; dat sg: -an; nom pl: -an; acc pl: -an; gen pl: -ena; dat pl: -um

Question 12

Declension: nama

Answer 12

Nama “name”, weak, masc: nom sg: nama; acc sg:naman; gen sg: naman; dat sg: naman; nom pl: naman; acc pl: naman; gen pl: namena; dat pl: namum

Question 13

Declension: ēage

Answer 13

Ēage “eye”, weak, neuter: nom sg:ēage; acc sg:ēage; gen sg: ēagan; dat sg: ēagan; nom pl: ēagan; acc pl: ēagan; gen pl: ēagena; dat pl: ēagum

Question 14

Declension: tunge

Answer 14

Tunge “tounge” weak, feminine: nom sg:tunge; acc sg:tungan; gen sg: tungan; dat sg: tungan; nom pl: tungan; acc pl: tungan; gen pl: tungena; dat pl: tungum

Question 15

Athematic nouns (definition)

Answer 15

irregular nouns with a shift in the root vowel aka “i-mutation” ancestor of modern teeth, geese, man/men

Question 16

Declension: mann

Answer 16

Mann “man”, masculine athematic: nom sg: mann; acc sg: mann; gen sg: mannes; dat sg: menn: nom pl: menn; acc pl: menn; gen pl: manna; dative pl.: mannum

Question 17

Declension: hnutu

Answer 17

Hnutu “nut” short, feminine, athematic: nom sg: hnutu; acc sg: hnutu; gen sg: hnyte; dat sg: hnyte; nom pl: hnyte; acc pl: hnyte: gen pl: hnuta; dat pl: hnutum

Question 18

Declension: bōc

Answer 18

bōc “book” long feminine, athematic: nom sg: bōc; acc sg: bōc; gen sg: bēc; dat sg: bēc; nom pl: bēc; acc pl: bēc; gen pl: bōca; dat pl: bōcum

Question 19

Declension: enġel

Answer 19

enġel “angel” – strong masc, two syllable: nom sg: enġel; acc sg: enġel; gen sg: enġles; dat sg: enġle; nom pl: enġlas; acc pl: enġlas; gen pl: enġla; dat pl: enġla

Question 20

Declension: hēafod

Answer 20

hēafod “head”– strong neuter two-syllable: nom sg: hēafod; acc sg: hēafod; gen sg: hēafdes; dat sg: hēafde; nom pl: hēafdu; acc pl: hēafdu; gen pl: hēafda; dat pl: hēafdum

Question 21

Declension: sāwol

Answer 21

sāwol “soul” -strong, fem, two-syllable: nom sg: sāwol; acc sg: sāwol; gen sg: sāwle; dat sg: sāwle; nom pl: sāwla; acc pl: sāwla; gen pl: sāwlaw; dat pl: sāwlum

Question 22

Declension: dæġ

Answer 22

dæġ “day” – strong masc, sound change: nom sg: dæġ; acc sg: dæġ; gen sg: dæġes; dat sg: dæġe; nom pl: dagas; acc pl: dagas; gen pl: daga; dat pl: dagum

Question 23

Declension: æsc

Answer 23

æsc “ash tree”– strong masc with sound change: nom sg: æsc; acc sg: æsc; gen sg: æsces; dat sg: æsce; nom pl: ascas; acc pl: ascas; gen pl: asca; dat pl: ascum

Question 24

Declension: ġeat

Answer 24

ġeat “gate”– strong neuter, sound change: nom sg: ġeat; acc sg: ġeat; gen sg: ġeates; dat sg: ġeate; nom pl: gatu; acc pl: gatu; gen pl: gata; dat pl: gatum

Question 25

Declension: wealh

Answer 25

wealh “foreigner” – strong masc with ending in h: nom sg: wealh; acc sg: wealh; gen sg: wēales; dat sg: wēale; nom pl: wēalas; acc pl: wēalas; gen pl: wēala; dat pl: wēalum

Question 26

when will nouns have stem syllable changes?

Answer 26

1) c alternates with ċ; g alternates with ġ; sc (sh) alternates with sc (sk) depending on whether inflectional syllable = back vowel 2) If an ending begins with a back vowel (a, o, u) , æ or ea in a short root syllable become a; 3) h can't fall between voiced sounds. It is dropped and the preceeding vowel is lengthened; 4) a vowel at the beginning of an ending is dropped if the dropped h makes it follow a vowel

Question 27

Declension: feoh

Answer 27

feoh “money” – strong masc with ending in h, vowel: nom sg: feoh; acc sg: feoh; gen sg: fēos; dat sg: fēo; nom pl: --; acc pl: --; gen pl: fēona; dat pl: –

Question 28

Nouns with -w- or -ġ- before the ending

Answer 28

Some nouns add -w- or -ġ- before the ending, but if there is no ending is -w- appears as -u- or -o-, but is lost after a long vowel. & -ġ- appears as as -e

Question 29

Declension: here

Answer 29

here “army” – strong masc, g added to endings : nom sg: here; acc sg: here; gen sg: herġes; dat sg: herġe; nom pl: herġas; acc pl: herġas; gen pl: herġa; dat pl: herġum

Question 30

Declension: searu

Answer 30

searu “skill”– strong neuter w added to endings: nom sg: searu; acc sg: searu; gen sg: searwes; dat sg: searwe; nom pl: searu; acc pl: searwu; gen pl: searwa; dat pl: searwum

Question 31

Declension: beadu

Answer 31

beaudu “battle”– strong feminine w added to endings: nom sg: beadu; acc sg: beadwe; gen sg: beaudwe; dat sg: beadwe; nom pl: beadwa; acc pl: beadwa; gen pl: beadwa; dat pl: beadwum

Question 32

What are the minor declensions

Answer 32

U-stems; nouns of relationship; nouns with -r- plurals; nouns with -þ-endings

Question 33

Declension: sunu

Answer 33

sunu “son”– short stem, masculine, u-stem: nom sg: sunu; acc sg: sunu; gen sg: suna; dat sg: suna; nom pl: suna; acc pl: suna; gen pl: suna; dat pl: sunum

Question 34

Declension: hand

Answer 34

hand “hand”– long stem, feminine, u-stem: nom sg: hand; acc sg: hand; gen sg: handa; dat sg: handa; nom pl: handa; acc pl: handa; gen pl: handa; dat pl: handum

Question 35

U stem characteristics

Answer 35

only masc & fem, genders declines alike, distinction between long and short

Question 36

Nouns of relationship characteristics

Answer 36

nouns of relationship that end in r, includes fæther (father); mōdor (mother) brōđor (brother) sweostor (sister); dohtor (daughter); endingless genitive singular, usually I mutation in the dative singular.

Question 37

Declension: brōđor

Answer 37

brōđor “brother”– noun of relationship, masc: nom sg: brōđor; acc sg: brōđor; gen sg: brōđor; dat sg: brōđer; nom pl: brōđor; acc pl: brōđor; gen pl: brōđra; dat pl: brōđrum

Question 38

Declension: dohtor

Answer 38

dohtor “daughter”– noun of relationship, fem: nom sg: dohtor; acc sg: dohtor; gen sg: dohtor; dat sg: dohter; nom pl: dohtor; acc pl: dohtor; gen pl: dohtra; dat pl: dohtrum

Question 39

Nouns with -r- plurals

Answer 39

r added in plurals; includes lamb (lamb); ċealf (calf) , ǣg (egg), ċild (child) in some early dialects, generally neuter,

Question 40

Declension: lamb

Answer 40

lamb “lamb”– r-plural neuter: nom sg: lamb; acc sg: lamb; gen sg: lambes; dat sg: lambe; nom pl: lambru; acc pl: lambru; gen pl: lambra; dat pl: lambrum

Question 41

Nouns with -þ- endings

Answer 41

gen/dative singular and all plural forms contain -þ-. In some cases, reanalyzed as part of stem and -þ- is appearing in nom. Words in this declension: hæle (man, warrior, poetic); mæġþ (maiden); ealu (ale); mōnaþ (month)

Question 42

Declension: hæle

Answer 42

hæle “man, warrior (poetic)”– masculine with -þ- ending: nom sg: hæle,hæleþ; acc sg: hæle,hæleþ; gen sg: hæleþes; dat sg: hæleþe; nom pl: hæleþ; acc pl: hæleþ; gen pl: hæleþa; dat pl: hæleþum

Question 43

Declension: mæġþ

Answer 43

mæġþ “maiden”– masculine with -þ- ending: nom sg: mæġþ; acc sg: mæġþ; gen sg: mæġþ; dat sg: mæġþ; nom pl: mæġþ; acc pl: mæġþ; gen pl: mæġþa; dat pl: mæġþum