chapter 6: motivation in practice Flashcards
how can money be a motivator?
it satisfy a bunch of needs
it is clearly tied with motivation
you can buy the stuff you want
what type of motivator is money? (the type)
it is extrinsic motivation
it is controlled
how can job design be a motivator?
what does it represent?
job design as a motivator represents an attempt to capitalize on intrinsic motivation
includes job scope
what is the goal of job design so that it would be an intrinsic motivator?
to identify the characteristics that make some tasks more motivating than others
to capture these characteristics in the design of jobs
what is job scope?
the breadth and d epth of a job
breadth of a job
the number of different activities performed on a job
Depth of a job
the degree of control a worker has over how work tasks are
performed
what is the Job Characteristics Model
model conducting job enrichment to analyze what needs to be improved
STTAF
VISAF
what are the characteristics of the Job Characteristics Model
Skill Variety
Task Identity
task significance
autonomy
feedback
Skill Variety
degree of opportunity to do a variety of different activities using various skills and talents
task identity
job involves doing a complete piece of work
Beginning → End
task significance
job has a substantial impact on other people
autonomy in the job
degree of freedom to schedule one’s own work activities and decide work procedures.
feedback
information about the effectiveness o f one’s work performance
core job characteristics lead to what? (1)
psychological states (2)
psychological states lead to what? (2)
outcomes (3)
what is job enrichment?
design of jobs to enhance intrinsic motivation
enhance the quality of working life
enhance job involvement
manipulating one or more of the five job characteristics model to make the job more interesting to the employee
how can you enrich your job?
Combining tasks
Establishing external client relationships and internal client relationships
Reducing supervision or reliance on others
Forming working teams
Making feedback more direct
what are the negative effects of job enrichment?
Demand for rewards
Union resistance
supervisory resistance
Lack of desire or skill
management by objectives (MBO) (goal setting theory)
whats the use
to faciliate :
- Goal establishment and Goal accomplishment
- Employee development
how does well designed MBO program function?
objectives for the organization as a whole are developed by top management
these are diffused down through the organization with the MBO process
what are the steps of the process of MBO?
- Objectives for the organization as a whole are developed by top management and diffused down through the organization.
- Organizational objectives are translated into specific behavioural objectives for individual members.
- The nature of the interaction between managers and individual workers in an MBO program is important
- after the interactions finish, the cycle is repeated
what are the steps to the MBO manger-employye interactions?
- The manager meets with individual workers to develop and agree on employee objectivescan include job performance and personal development objectives.
- There are periodic meetings to monitor employee progress in achieving objectives.
- An appraisal meeting is held to evaluate the extent to which the agreed upon objectives
have been achieved - The MBO cycle is repeated
what does research show about MBO programs?
result in productivity gains
what are the factors associated with the failure of MBO programs?
Lack of commitment from top management
Overemphasis on measurable objectives at the expense of more qualitative objectives
Excessive short-term orientation
Performance review becomes focuses more on punishing employees who messed up
Alternative working schedules (AWS) as motivators for a diverse workforce
what is this?
purpose is to meet diverse workforce needs and promote job satisfaction
can also facilitate recruitment and reduce absenteeism and turnover
what are the most common alternative working schedules?
flex time
compressed workweek
job and work sharing
telecommuting
what is flex time?
arrival and quitting times are flexible
Intended to meet the needs of a diverse work-force
when is flex time mostly implemented?
in the gym after chest day
nah but fr
most frequently implemented in office environments
what does the research show about flex time
Employees prefer it compared to fixed hours
Work attitudes are more positive
A positive effect on productivity, job satisfaction, and satisfaction with work schedule
lower employee absenteeism
what is compressed workweek
employees work fewer than the normal five days a week
still put in a normal number of hours per week
what are negative consequences of compressed workweek?
reduce customer service
negative effects of fatigue
what does the research show about compressed workweek?
People who have experienced it tend to like it
+ effect on job satisfaction & satisfaction with work schedule
no effect on absenteeism or
productivity
what is job and work sharing?
two part-time employees divide the work of a full-time job
involves reducing the number of hours employees work avoid layoffs/dismissal when there is a reduction in normal business activity
what is the goal of job and work sharing?
avoid layoffs/dismissal when there is a reduction in normal business activity
what does research show about job and work sharing?
cuts costs, saves jobs, avoids layoffs & allows organizations to retain skilled
workers
how can job sharing result in coordination problems?
if communication is not adequate
what is telecommuting
employees are able to work at home/remotely but stay in touch with their offices through the use of communications technology
what are the effects of telecommuting
small but positive effect on perceived autonomy and lower work-family conflict
The more frequency of telecommuting exits the less work-family conflict
positive effect on job satisfaction and job performance
results in lower stress and turnover intentions
can telecommuting affect in negative way work relationships or even careers?
nah boy
it does not have detrimental effects on the quality of workplace relationships or one’s career prospects
what are the potential problems of telecommuting?
Negative consequences can result due to a lack of informal communication.
Distractions in the home environment
Feelings of isolation and overwork
Concerns about trust and control
what must exist before implementing telecommuting
strong perception of trust between employees and management
what must precede a telecommuting program?
careful planning
clear guidelines
