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comm 222: organizational behavior > Chapter 2: personality and learning > Flashcards

Chapter 2: personality and learning Flashcards

1
Q

what is personality?

A

set of psychological characteristics

Dimensions and traits

influences the way an individual Interacts with his/her environment

influences the way an individual Feels, thinks and behaves

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2
Q

where does personality come from?

A

determined by genetic predisposition and one’s long-term learning history

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3
Q

do people have a variety of personality characteristics?

A

yeeeee

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4
Q

What is the role of Personality in OB?

A

role of personality in what is known as the “person-situation debate”

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5
Q

person-situation debate leads to three approaches

which ones

A

The dispositional approach

The situational approach

The interactionist approach

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6
Q

The dispositional approach

A

It’s just the way your are

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7
Q

The situational approach

A

Your environment influences the way you are

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8
Q

The interactionist approach

A

Both environment and disposition determines the way you are

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9
Q

what is the Five-Factor Model of Personality?

A

Five basic but general dimensions that describe personality

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10
Q

what are the five dimensions of the Five-Factor Model of Personality?

A

Openness to experience

Conscientiousness

Extraversion

Agreeableness

Neuroticism / Emotional stability

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11
Q

what is the dimension that is important for jobs that involve learning and creativity

A

Openness to experience

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12
Q

what the strongest predictor of overall job performance across all occupations?

A

conscientiousness

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13
Q

high Openness to experience

A

curious and original

creative

dreamers

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14
Q

low Openness to experience

A

conservative

dull

unimaginative

very down to earth

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15
Q

high Conscientiousness

A

dependable and responsible

follow rule

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16
Q

low Conscientiousness

A

careless and impulsive

messy and may cheat others

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17
Q

high extraversion

A

sociable and talkative

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18
Q

high extraversion

A

sociable and talkative

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19
Q

low extraversion

A

withdrawn and shy

work on their projects alone

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20
Q

high emotional stability

A

stable and confident

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21
Q

high emotional stability

A

stable and confident

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22
Q

what is important in jobs that require interaction/ cooperation/ teamwork?

A

Agreeableness

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23
Q

high Agreeableness

A

tolerant and cooperative

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24
Q

high Agreeableness

A

tolerant and cooperative

polite and like people

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25
Q

low Agreeableness

A

cold and rude

tend to tell it like is is

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26
Q

what is agreeableness?

A

individuals adjust their behavior to suit others

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27
Q

what is conscientiousness

A

being honest and hardworking

28
Q

what is neuroticism?

A

personality trait of being emotional

29
Q

what is openness to experience?

A

seeking. new experiences and intellectual pursuits

30
Q

what is the loss of locus?

A

A set of beliefs about whether one’s behaviour is controlled mainly by internal or external factors

31
Q

internal factors in the loss of control

A

the opportunity to control their own behaviour resides within themselves

32
Q

internal factors in the loss of control

A

the opportunity to control their own behaviour resides within themselves

self initiative

free will

personal action

33
Q

external factors in the loss of control

A

external forces determine their behaviour

fate

luck

powerful people

34
Q

what is learning

A

practice or experience leads to a relatively permanent change in behaviour potential

practice or experience that prompts learning stems from an environment that provides feedback concerning the consequences of behaviour

35
Q

what are the two theories that describe how people in organizations learn?

A

Operant learning theory

Social cognitive theory

36
Q

Operant learning theory

A

subject learns to operate on the environment to achieve certain consequences

Operantly learned behaviour is controlled by the consequences that follow it

It is learning by doing

the connection between the behaviour and the consequence that is learned

37
Q

to increase the probability of desired behaviours and to reduce or eliminate the probability of undesirable behaviours, what learning theory would you use?

A

operant learning theory

38
Q

what are some mistakes that managers do with reinforcements?

A

Confusing rewards with reinforcers

Neglecting diversity in preferences for reinforcers

Neglecting important sources of reinforcement

39
Q

how can reinforcements be?

A

Continuous versus partial

Immediate versus delayed

40
Q

what are two strategies that can reduce the probability of learned behaviour?

A

Extinction

Punishment

41
Q

what type of reinforcement would fast learning need?

A

continuous and immediate

42
Q

what type of reinforcement would slow learning need?

A

partial and delayed

43
Q

social cognitive learning?

A

emphasizes the role of cognitive processesin regulating people’s behaviour

People learn by observing the behaviour of others

44
Q

what are the components of social cognitive learning?

A

Observational learning

Self-efficacy beliefs

Self-regulation

45
Q

what is the acronym used to describe the five dimensions of the five factor model of personality?

A

OCEAN

Openness to new experiences

Comfortability with ambiguous situations

Extraversion

agreeableness

neuroticism/emotional stability

46
Q

what is self monitoring in the locus of control

A

the extent to which people o bserve and r egulate how they appear and behave in social settings and relationships

47
Q

what do low self monitors do in the locus of control?

A

act like they feel and say what they think without regard to the situation

48
Q

what do high self monitors do in the locus of control?

A

behave somewhat like actors

taking great care to observe and control the
images that they project

49
Q

what is self esteem

A

Self-esteem is the d egree t o which a person has a p ositive self-evaluation.

50
Q

how do people with high self esteem tend to be?

A

make more fulfilling career decisions and have higher job satisfaction and job performance

They have favourable self-images.

51
Q

what type of skills do employees learn?

A

practical skills

interpersonal skills

intrapersonal skills

cultural awareness

52
Q

practical skills

A

job specific skills

knowledge

technical competence

53
Q

intrapersonal skills

A

problem solving

critical thinking

alternative work processes

54
Q

interpersonal Skills:

A

Interactive skills

communicating, teamwork & conflict resolution

55
Q

cultural awareness

A

social norms of organization

company goals

business operations

expectations

priorities

56
Q

what is the process by which stimuli strengthen behavior

increases or maintains the probability of that behavior.

A

a reinforcement

57
Q

how do positive reinforcers work?

A

increases or maintains the probability of some behaviour

application or addition of a stimulus to the situation in question

58
Q

how do negative reinforcers work

A

increases or maintains the probability of some behaviour

removal of a n egative stimulus from the situation in question

59
Q

why is confusing rewards with reinforcements a common mistake made by managers

A

rewards fail to serve as reinforces when they are not made contingent/possible on some specific desired behaviors

60
Q

what are the two main types of reinforcement sources that managers often ignore

A

Performance feedback

Social recognition

61
Q

when reducing the probability of a learned behavior, what is extinction?

A

vag le reinforcement

the behavior will dissipate itself

62
Q

what are the problems of using punishment as a mean of reducing a certain behavior?

A

It does not demonstrate which behaviors should replace to punish response

Punishment indicates only what is not appropriate

Temporarily suppresses the unwanted behavior

Can provoke a strong emotional reaction

63
Q

what is self efficacy in social cognitive learning?

A

beliefs people h ave about their ability to successfully perform a specific task

the result of 4 sources of information: performance mastery; observation; verbal persuasion & encouragement; & physiological state

64
Q

what is self regulation in social cognitive learning?

A

observing your own behaviour, comparing it to a standard

rewarding oneself (self-reinforcement) when behavior meets the standard

65
Q

what is the discrepancy reduction in the self regulating process

A

discrepancy between one’s goals and performance which

motivates one to modify their behaviour

66
Q

what is the discrepancy production in the self regulating process

A

When individuals attain their goals they are likely to set higher and more challenging goals

comm 222: organizational behavior (13 decks)

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