chapter 13: conflict and stress Flashcards
interpersonal conflict
process that occurs when a person, group, or organizational subunit frustrate the goal attainment of another
what does interpersonal conflict involve
involves antagonistic attitudes & behaviours
ex: name calling, sabotage, or even physical aggression
what are the causes of interpersonal conflict
Group identification & intergroup bias
Interdependence
Differencesin Power, Status, and Culture
Ambiguous goals, jurisdictions, or performance criteria
Scarce Resources
Group identification & intergroup bias
tendency of people to develop a more positive view of their own “in-group” & a less positive view of “out-groups” of which they are not a member
Interdependence
when individuals or subunits are mutually dependent on each other to accomplish their own goals
the potential for conflict exists
what leads to conflict in interdependence?
The abuse of power in the relationships
the on-going need for coordination
how can ambiguity lead to interpersonal conflict?
the formal & informal roles that govern interaction break down & it may be difficult to determine responsibility
why are ambigious performance criteria frequent?
cause of conflict between managers & employees
how can scare resources lead to interpersonal conflict?
Differences in power are magnified when common resources are in short supply
Resources may also act as buffers in sufficient quantities which, when removed, allow conflict to surface
Scarcity has a way of turning latent or disguised conflict into overt conflict
what are the types of interpersonal conflict
relationship related
task related
process related
relationship related interpersonal conflict
interpersonal tensions, that have to do with the relationship
task related interpersonal conflict
disagreements about the natureof the work to be done
process related interpersonal conflict
disagreements about how work should be organized and accomplished
how can you manage conflicts, where the factors?
competing
accommodating
compromising
avoiding
collaborating
how can competing be helpful to manage conflict?
maximizes assertiveness for your own position and minimizes cooperative response
in which cases would you use computing to manage conflicts?
when the conflict tends to be framed in win-lose terms
how can accommodating be a way to manage conflict?
one party cooperates with the other party, while not asserting
one’s own interests
what is a con of accommodating to manage conflict?
may be seen as a sign of weakness
how can compromise be helpful to manage conflict?
combines intermediate levels of assertiveness and cooperation
tends to be a satisficing approach — neither true competition nor true accommodation
is compromise the most creative way to manage conflict?
Compromise does not always result in the most creative response to conflict
how can avoiding as a way to manage conflict characterized?
characterized by low assertiveness of one’s own interests & low cooperation with the other party
what are the positive effects of stimulating conflict
it leads to change
change leads to adaptation
adaptation leads to survival
Conflict → Change → Adaptation → Survival
what are stressors
the Indian dudes from the JMICC stressing every two seconds
nah but for real, what are stressors
environmental events or conditions that have the potential to induce stress
ex: A person’s job, a person’s co-workers, conditions such as extreme heat & cold, & hostility from others
what is stress
psychological reaction to the demands inherent in a stress
person does not feel capable to manage these demands
has the potential to make a person feel tense or anxious because of this
what are stress reactions?
behavioural, psychological, & physiological consequences of stress
how can personality affect stress?
Personality can affect both the extent to which potential stressors are perceived as stressful and the types of stress reactions that occur
what are three key personality traits that influence stress??
Locus of control
Type A behaviour pattern
negative affectivity
locus of control affecting stress
external factors that can cause anxiety
Type A behaviour pattern affecting stress
ambitious
competitive
causes hostility and repressed anger
negative affectivity affecting stress
negative view of the world
you perceive more stressors
more sensitive of to stressors
provoke stress
use passive coping
what is the pattern of stress
- stressors
- felt stress
- stress reactions
what is the pattern of the influence of personality on stress
- personality influences perception of stressors
- personality influences reactions to perceived stressors
- personality influences reactions to felt stress
what are type type of stressors that can be encountered in an organization?
executive and managerial stressors
operative-level stressors
boundary role stressors
burnout
emotial labour
executive and managerial stressors
Executives and managers make key organizational decisions and direct the work of others
this leads them to experience special forms of stress
includes the stressor of role overload
what is role overload?
occurs when one must perform too many tasks in too short a time period
This is an especially common stressor for managers
Management is an ongoing process, and few managers get time to rest or even to think about a new work strategy
operative-level stressors
The occupants of operative positions are sometimes exposed to a special set of stressors:
The job demands-job control model
who are operatives?
individuals who occupy nonprofessional and nonmanagerial positions in organizations
The job demands-job control model
model that asserts that jobs promote high stress when they make high demands while offering little control over work decisions
Boundary Role Stressors, Burnout, and Emotional Labour
Occupants of boundary role positions are especially likely to experience stress as they straddle the imaginary boundary between the organization and its environment
what are boundary roles?
positions in which organizational members are required to interact with members of other organizations or with the public
what are general stressors?
stressors that are probably experienced equally by occupants of all roles
how can interpersonal conflicts lead to stress?
it can lead to real or perceived attacks on our self-esteem or integrity
ex:
what is mobbing?
occurs when a number of individuals, usually direct co-workers, “gang up” on a particular employee
why do victims of mobbing experience stress?
because they feel powerless to deal with the perpetrator(s)
what are the types of reactions to stress?
Behavioural reactions
psychological reactions
Behavioural reactions to stress
activities that the stressed individual uses in an attempt to cope with the stress
include problem solving, performance, withdrawal, & the use of addictive substances
psychological reactions to stress
primarily involve emotions and thought processes
actions frequently reveals in individuals’ speeches and actions
what is the most common use go psychological reactions?
the use of defense mechanisms
what is the use of defense mechanisms?
psychological attempts to reduce the anxiety associated with stress
what are common defense mechanisms?
rationalization
projection
displacement
reaction formation
compensation
rationalization
attributing socially acceptable reasons or motives to one’s actions
want actions to appear reasonable & sensible
projection
attributing one’s own undesirable ideas & motives to othersso that they seem less negative
displacement
directing feelings of anger at a “safe” target rather than expressing them where they may be punished
Darth maul type of shit
reaction formation
expressing oneself in a manner that is directly opposite to the way one truly feels
don’t want to risk negative reactions to one’s true position
compensation
applying one’s skills in a particular area to make up for failure in another area
true or false
Workplace stress can double the risk of heart attacks
true
what type of diseases has stress been related to?
respiratory and bacterial infections
what are physiological reactions to stress
bad stuff that happens to your physical health because of stress
ex: There is evidence that work stress is associated with electrocardiogram irregularities and elevated levels of blood pressure, cholesterol, and pulse
