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the evolving fireground - research based tactics > Chapter 6 - Modern Building Construction > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - Modern Building Construction Flashcards

1
Q

The phrase modern fire behavior often refers to what?

A

Contents of the Fire. (99)

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2
Q

The stages of fire development change when a fire becomes what?

A

Ventilation limited. (103)

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3
Q

It is common with today’s fire environment to have a decay period prior to flash over which emphasizes what?

A

The importance of ventilation. (103)

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4
Q

What should be thought of as ventilation as well?

A

Forcing entry. (103)

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5
Q

What report should increase awareness of the potential conditions inside

A

No smoke showing. (103)

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6
Q

If you add air to the fire and don’t apply water what happens?

A

The fire gets larger and safety decreases. (103)

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7
Q

The average time of ventilation to the time of the onset firefighter untenability condition is how many seconds for a one story house? Two story?

A

100 seconds

200 seconds

(103)

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8
Q

What is the time of the onset of firefighter untenability to flash over?

A

10 seconds. (103)

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9
Q

If ventilation already exists because the homeowner left a window or door or open the fire is going to do what?

A

Respond faster to additional ventilation. (temperatures in the house are going to be higher) (103)

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10
Q

What is essential for a positive outcome in today’s fire environment?

A

Coordination of the fire attack crew. (103)

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11
Q

Every new ventilation opening provides what?

A

A new flow path to the fire. (103)

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12
Q

What type of cut do firefighters perform on commercial flat roofs because of the thickness of the roof?

A

A step cut or skim cut. (104)

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13
Q

What is sprayed on to coat the surfaces between the joists and studs in the walls and in ceilings to eliminate voids?

A

Spray polyurethane foam. SPF. (104)

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14
Q

When can a firefighter determine if a step / skim cut is necessary?

A

After cutting an inspection hole and discovering the makeup of the roof sheething. (105)

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15
Q

A good tactic maybe to stretch a precautionary hose line to the roof when faced with what type of roof?

A

Rubberized membrane top layer. (105)

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16
Q

When fire enters the attic space the SPF does what?

A

Chars and becomes a solid structure. (108)

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17
Q

What is essential to determine whether spray foam is being used in your area?

A

Pre-planning. (108)

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18
Q

Because of the toxic gases that SPF may emit what color will it smoke be?

A

Black. (108)

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19
Q

What is the only way to get all the way through on the initial cut with SPF foam installed?

A

A deep punch cut with a chainsaw. (108)

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20
Q

What are critical to pry and pull up the cut materials with an SPF roof.

A

Hand tools. (109)

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21
Q

What will your tool selection be based on?

A

Size up of roof sheathing. (109)

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22
Q

Tools that should always go to the roof.

A

Power saw
Hook
Axe
Portable radio
Roof ladder. (109)

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23
Q

What cut has benefits in residential construction to understand what we are cutting before opening it up?

A

A kerf or triangle cut. (109)

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24
Q

Overhaul will post some challenges since the thermostat properties can allow what?

A

Hidden fire to burn underneath the hardened crust. (109)

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25
Q

What are you essentially creating when making an opening in the ceiling to overhaul the fire?

A

Vent opening. (110)

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26
Q

What is the worst type of exterior cladding in regards to flammability?

A

Vinyl siding. (110)

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27
Q

What in the foam panels used for insulation is the biggest issue?

A

Polystyrene and polyisocyanurate. (110)

28
Q

Two-story wall fires were extinguished with how many gallons of water?

A

Approximately 50 gallons. (110)

29
Q

It would be difficult if not impossible to know that the building was built from ISBUs without what?

A

Proper pre-planning or a proper size up. Including a 360° scene size up. (111)

30
Q

How should we think of ISBUs in terms of fire attack?

A

Flash over containers overloaded with fuel. (112)

31
Q

What conditions will we face because these buildings readily contain the heat compared with traditional structures?

A

Higher heat conditions.

More volatile interior conditions. (112)

32
Q

What may impact your egress and restrict you from backing out on ISBUs?

A

Construction features. (113)

33
Q

What is one benefit to ISBU Construction?

A

The compartments are smaller. (113)

34
Q

When conducting search operations in ISPUs put a greater focus on what?

A

Closing doors to create barriers. (113)

35
Q

Once members have entered the search room of an ISBU and the door is closed The windows can be taken but only if…

A

The door is and can be kept closed. (113)

36
Q

When can firefighters take the windows in an ISBU?

A

Once they have entered the search room and the door is closed and can be kept closed. (113)

37
Q

What type of ventilation will be an extremely time-consuming and challenging task in an ISBU?

A

Vertical ventilation. (113)

38
Q

What type of ventilation in an ISBU will take less time and demand fewer resources?

A

Horizontal ventilation. (113)

39
Q

You must consider what combination during overhaul in an ISBU?

A

Drywall and SPF. (115)

40
Q

Every opening on an ISBU has been cut into the building where?

A

On site. (115)

41
Q

LEED requires at least what percentage of the hardscape of a development be shaded or designed with permeable material

A

50% (116)

42
Q

The building construction in your response district will always be what?

A

A dynamic changing environment that will necessitate altering your tactics. (116)

43
Q

During the pre-fire planning phase it’s critical we assure there are shut offs or disconnects for solar panels where?

A

On the exterior of the building. (116)

44
Q

When using the shut off or disconnect on solar panels what part of the system is shut down?

A

Only the portion from the shut off or disconnect into the building (117)

45
Q

Consider solar panel and system components always what?

A

Energized up to the shut off or disconnect at all times. (117)

46
Q

What type of stream should be used on solar panel fires?

A

A broken stream. (117)

47
Q

What pattern and cone angle reduced measured current below perception level?

A

A fog pattern at a 10° cone angle. (117)

48
Q

What distance has been determined to reduce potential shock hazard?

A

20 ft. (117)

49
Q

What level of shock hazard is considered as safe?

A

2 mA. (117)

50
Q

What is the measured current below perception level?

A

<40mA. (117)

51
Q

What should be our primary concern during solar panel fires?

A

Electric shock. (117)

52
Q

Collapse of engineered lumber occurs how long after direct flame impingement?

A

4 to 6 minutes. (118)

53
Q

When should you pre-plan?

A

On every EMS call. (118)

54
Q

As an interior officer what tactic will allow you to verify roof construction?

A

Pulling a drop ceiling early. (120)

55
Q

Why should we crawl?

A

It’s safer. (122)

56
Q

If you can’t see your feet and still walk what must you do?

A

Look down and sound the floor on every step. (123)

57
Q

2016 line of duty deaths

A
  1. (123)
58
Q

First half of 2017 line of duty deaths.

A

51 (123)

59
Q

Line of duty deaths from 2011 to 2016.

A

546 (123)

60
Q

What tactic is not routinely performed on residential construction

A

Kerf or triangle inspection cut.

61
Q

What could be the answer to finding an extinguishing this deep-seated fire under the outer crust (spf)?

A

Using a thermal imaging camera in a pressurized water extinguisher filled with a foam-type solution.

62
Q

What side of an ISBU may reveal the true construction and the challenges firefighters will face

A

C side.

63
Q

In all ISBU pre-fire plans what should you note

A

Natural construction features that will assist in vertical ventilation.

64
Q

What is a piece of critical information that should be noted on an ISBU prefire plan

A

The building had a great deal of give (flexibility)

65
Q

As the interior officer you must avoid what

A

Tactical drift

66
Q

Where can pulling a drop ceiling be done as an interior officer

A

In the fire occupancy or the exposure

67
Q

What could create an entanglement hazard while pulling ceiling

A

Pulling the frame

the evolving fireground - research based tactics (7 decks)

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