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The Evolving Fireground - Research Based Tactics > Chapter 3 - Fire Attack > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Fire Attack Flashcards

1
Q

What is the end goal of fire attack?

A

Apply water as rapidly as possible to the products burning. (25)

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2
Q

What greatly affects fire behavior and the heat release rate?

A

The residential structures in our districts and the contents within them. (25)

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3
Q

What is the most effective method of extinguishing fires involving ordinary combustibles?

A

Cooling the involved and exposed combustibles to a degree lower than their ignition temperatures. (25)

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4
Q

What type of structure fires accounted for the majority of all residential building fire deaths? (What %)

A

The one and two family residential building fires. (71%)
(26)

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5
Q

What percentage of the residential building fires were larger non-confined fires?

A

60% (26)

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6
Q

Cooking accounted for what percentage of all 1 and 2 family residential building fires?

A

33% (26)

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7
Q

How many firefighters were killed while advancing a hose line conducting a fire attack in 2011?

A
  1. (26)
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8
Q

Upon receiving the call for a fire in your district what should you immediately do?

A

Begin to gain a visual picture of the home type. (26)

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9
Q

What is one key piece of info that every dispatch center should have readily available?

A

Water supply data. (27)

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10
Q

What (water data) should be announced to all responding companies? (3)

A

The closest hydrant,
The secondary hydrant,
Closest drafting location
(27)

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11
Q

What are critical pieces of info that should be obtained and relayed when responding to a structure fire? (3)

A

The type of fire.
The extent of the fire.
Trapped occupants. (27)

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12
Q

The transitional attack should be seen as what?

A

An action of opportunity. (28)

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13
Q

In exterior fires, the conditions on the interior are what?

A

Not indicative of the fire conditions occurring in the Attic or on the exterior siding of the structure.

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14
Q

What is not always the best plan of attack?

A

Attacking from the unburned side. (30)

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15
Q

Forcing the door is what?

A

Ventilation. (30)

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16
Q

No smoke showing during the size up should what?

A

Increase awareness of the potential conditions inside. (31)

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17
Q

The time from the onset of firefighter untenability until flash over was less than what?

A

10 seconds. (31)

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18
Q

What type of attack quickly extinguish the fire and decreased interior damage?

A

Direct attack on the base of the fire. (31)

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19
Q

On commercial and high-rise fires what may burn up before the fire reaches the interior?

A

Cladding materials. (31)

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20
Q

When done in a timely matter, extinguishment does what? (3)

A

Increases survivability for the possible victims,
Increases safety for firefighters,
Decreases property damage
(32)

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21
Q

What is the best stream of choice?

A

Straight stream or solid stream. (it’s difficult to push fire with water)
(32)

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22
Q

When compared to straight streams, fog streams have more what?

A

Cubic feet per minute of air behind them.
(32)

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23
Q

When placing a stream through a window it could overcome the exhaust of fire and what?

A

Change the flow path. (32)

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24
Q

Some of the assumptions that happened in the fire service that lead to the creation of policies and decisions are due to what?

A

Personal interpretations of the firefighter safety research.
(33)

25
Q

It’s essential to have the proper nozzle flow matched with your what?

A

Hose type and size. (34)

26
Q

It’s essential to flowing up water to what?

A

Protect yourself and fellow firefighters. (34)

27
Q

Movement of the nozzle is critical because of what?

A

The air entrainment that can be created by rapidly moving or whipping the nozzle around. (34)

28
Q

A smoothbore nozzle when moved rapidly in a circular fashion creates approximately how much air movement?

A

6,000 CFM. (34)

29
Q

Nozzle movement should be what shape

A

Half Moon shape. (35)

30
Q

The purpose of the half moon is to what ?

A

Not disrupt the neutral plane and still coat the upper services above firefighters heads. (35)

31
Q

What is the ideal water droplet size for gas cooling?

A

0.33 mm. (36)

32
Q

A straight stream is better for what? (4)

A

Energy consumption,
Air movement,
Reach,
Penetration.
(37)

33
Q

It’s possible to push steam and gases with what?

A

Air movement of the nozzle. (37)

34
Q

Streams need to be applied directly onto the burning surfaces from where?

A

Below the roof line. (38)

35
Q

On an exterior attack the firefighter must use what?

A

A straight stream without much movement. (40)

36
Q

What could reverse the flow path and push steam and gases away from the outlet?

A

Air tracks. (40)

37
Q

When flowing water into a window, that decision needs to be based on what?

A

Time. (41)

38
Q

It’s critical to use a straight stream to allow what during a transitional attack?

A

The exit of steam from the window. (41)

39
Q

Using a fog pattern during an exterior attack can create what?

A

More steam on the interior. (41)

40
Q

An exterior fire attack must be coordinated with who?

A

Crew on the interior (41)

41
Q

What is the proper technique for exterior attack? (3)

A

Use a straight stream pattern at a steep angle.
Keep this stream close to the sill and aimed at the ceiling.
Apply short burst of water while recognizing the fire / smoke conditions.
(42)

42
Q

It is possible to get water into a third floor window with what type of hose line?

A

1 3/4. (42)

43
Q

You want to flow enough water into each window to do what?

A

Reset the flash over and cool the environment. (42)

44
Q

A TIC makes assessment easiest if equipped with what?

A

Temperature scale. (42)

45
Q

Fires on the exterior of a building should be extinguished when?

A

Before or simultaneously to the attack crews entering the building. (43)

46
Q

Exterior fire must be cooled immediately to do what?

A

Eliminate the exposure problem. (43)

47
Q

The high heat release rate puts exposure buildings at a greater chance of damage from what type of heat?

A

Radiant. (43)

48
Q

Fires that begin on the exterior will often transition to the interior when?

A

Prior to our arrival. (43)

49
Q

Once the fire transitions to the interior you must start attacking this fire from where?

A

The outside. (43)

50
Q

Flow water how wants to the fire transitioned inside

A

By the direction of travel that the fire transitioned. (43)

51
Q

What is the best method to apply water into the attic space and to apply water on the actual materials that are burning?

A

Hose stream from the exterior if the attic space is can be accessed. (44)

52
Q

Using a TIC to determine the best place to begin creating a small hole is the best option as long as?

A

Water can be flowed directly into the immediate area that is burning. (44)

53
Q

Fast water is a top priority secondary only to what?

A

Victim rescue. (46)

54
Q

First engines had what size tank?

A

400 gallon. (46)

55
Q

First engines are being replaced with those with what size tank?

A

750 gallon. (46)

56
Q

We have hydrants every ___ ft.

A
  1. (46)
57
Q

It’s possible to operate effectively on tank water unless you’re flowing a what?

A

Master stream. (47)

58
Q

What is the goal of fire attack?

A

Apply water as rapidly as possible to the products burning. (47)

59
Q

What is the average amount of water used on an attack?

A

150 gallons total. 30 to 60 seconds of 150 gallons per minute. (47)

The Evolving Fireground - Research Based Tactics (7 decks)

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