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Psycology > Chapter 6 Memory > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Memory Flashcards

1
Q

Encoding

A

The process of transforming what we perceive into an enduring memory

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2
Q

Storage

A

The process of maintaining info in memory over time

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3
Q

Retrieval

A

The process of bringing to mind info that has been previously encoded and stored

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4
Q

How are memories made

A

Memories made by combining info we already have in our brains with new info from our senses.
Memories are constructed, not recorded.

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5
Q

Semantic encoding

A

The process of relating new info in a meaningful way to knowledge already known

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6
Q

Semantic, rhyme, and case judgements.

A

Semantic: Think about the meaning of the world.
Rhyme: What rhymes with the word
Case: look at the appearance of the word. (Capital or lowercase?

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7
Q

Visual imagery encoding

A

The processor storing new by turning it into mental pictures

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8
Q

Why is visual imagery encoding effective?

A
  1. You connect incoming info with stuff you already know.
  2. Two different triggers for the memory, the visual one and the verbal one.
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9
Q

Organizational judgements

A

Process of categorizing info according to the relationship between the items.

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10
Q

Sensory memory

A

A type of storage that holds sensory info for a few seconds or less

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11
Q

Iconic memory

A

Fast decaying store of visual info

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12
Q

Echoing memory

A

Fast decaying store of auditory info

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13
Q

Short-term memory

A

Holds nonsensory info for more for a few seconds but less than a minute

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14
Q

Rehersal

A

The process of keeping info in short-term memory by mentally repeating it

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15
Q

Serial position effect

A

I’m a series, the first few and last few things are most likely to be remembered

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16
Q

Enhanced recall of the first few items is called the…

A

Primacy effect

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17
Q

Enhanced recall of the last few items is called the…

A

Recency effect

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18
Q

How is the recency effect disrupted?

A

Interrupting rehearsal (having people count backwards by 3)

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19
Q

Chunking

A

Combining small pieces of info into larger clusters/chunks that are more easily held in short term memory

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20
Q

Working memory

A

Active matinence of info in short term storage

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21
Q

Long-term memory

A

Type of storage that holds info for hours, days, weeks, or years

22
Q

Damage to the temporal lobes and hippocampus can cause

A

Anterograde amnesia

23
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

Can’t move short term memory to long term

24
Q

Retrograde amnesia

A

Can’t remember stuff from before the injury l

25
Q

Consolidation

A

The process by which memories become stable in the brain

26
Q

Reconsolidation

A

Memories can be valuable when recalled, requiring them to be consolidated again

27
Q

Retrieval cue

A

External info that is associated with stored info and helps recall it

28
Q

Encoding specificity principle

A

A retrieval cue can be effective qhen it helps re-create how the info was originally encoded
(Being in the same classroom for a test)

29
Q

State-dependent retrieval

A

Info is better recalled when person is in sake state during encoding
(Emotions or sobriety)

30
Q

Explicit memory

A

The act of consciously or intentionally retrieving past memories

31
Q

Implicit memory

A

The influence of past experiences on later behaviors even without an effort to remember them.

Given list including STORE. Later asked to fill in STO___, will likely say STORE and not STORK.

32
Q

Procedural memory

A

The gradual acquisition of a skill as a result of practice or “knowing how” to do things.

A kind of implicit memory
Learning a skill, you remember how but can’t really explain how to do it

33
Q

Priming

A

Enhanced ability to think of something due to previous exposure to that thing.

Lines that make a shape from a certain angle. You’ll see it quicker if you’ve seen it before, even from a really long time ago.

34
Q

Two types of explicit memory

A

Semantic memory
Episodic memory

35
Q

Semantic memory

A

A network of facts that make up our understanding of the world

36
Q

Episodic memory

A

Personal experiences that take place at a certain time and place
Like a TV “episode”

Important to imagination. Remix episodic memories for something new.

37
Q

Transience

A

Forgetting memories with the passage of time

38
Q

Qualities of memories lower over time, how do we compensate?

A

Remember what usually happens and try to reconstruct or guess from there.

39
Q

Retroactive interference

A

Later learning impairs memory for earlier memories

40
Q

Proactive interference

A

Earlier learning impairs memory for info acquired later

41
Q

Blocking

A

Failure to retrieve memory that is avaliable in your memory even if you’re trying.
“On the tip of your tongue”

42
Q

Prospective memory

A

Remembering to do something in the future

43
Q

Memory misattribution

A

Assigning a memory or idea to the wrong sourc

44
Q

Source memory

A

Recall of when, where, and how info was acquired

45
Q

Flashbulb memories

A

Detailed memories of where and when you heard about shocking events
Ex. People remembering when they learned about 911

46
Q

Brain and memory: Hippocampus

A

Encoding station
Short term > long term

47
Q

Brain and memory: Cerebral Cortex

A

Encoding info from sensory registers.
Store semantic info.

48
Q

Brain and memory: Thalamus

A

Role unclear but damage caused retrograde and anterograde amnesia

49
Q

Brain and memory: Amygdala

A

Emotional aspects of memory

50
Q

Brain and memory: Cerebellum

A

Procedural memory

Psycology (8 decks)

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