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Psycology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Nativism

A

The view that certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn

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2
Q

Philosophical empiricism

A

The view that all knowledge is acquired through experience

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3
Q

René Descarts

A

Believed the mind and brain were separate

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4
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Belived the mind is what the brain does

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5
Q

Franz Joseph Gall

A

Looked at damaged brains to see what the damaged brain may have controlled.
Developed phrenology
Believed you could feel the bumps of the skull to know the size of the brain.

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6
Q

Phrenology

A

Developed by Franz Joseph Gall
A discredited view.
Believed that specific mental abilities were tied to specific regions of the brain. Believed you could feel the skull to feel the brain and learn about the person.

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7
Q

Pierre Flourens

A

Removed parts of the brain to see what would happen

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8
Q

Paul Broca

A

Worked with patient with a damaged brain. Patient could understand but couldn’t speak.

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9
Q

People that showed the mind is connected to the brain

A

Pierre Flourens
Paul Broca

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10
Q

Physiology

A

The study of biological processes, especially in humans

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11
Q

A birthplace of psychology

A

Germany

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12
Q

Hermann von Helmholtz

A

First to record reaction time. Proved thought wasn’t instantaneous.

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13
Q

Who taught the first psychology course? When and where?

A

Wilhelm Wundt
1867
University of Heidelberg

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14
Q

First psychology lab? Who opened? When and where?

A

Wilhelm Wundt
1879
University of Leipzig

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15
Q

When did psychology become it’s own independent field of study

A

1879

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16
Q

Structuralism

A

Trying to determine the structures of the mind though analytic introspection

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17
Q

Wudnt tried to analyze psychology with the method of…

A

Introspection

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18
Q

Introspection

A

The objective observation of one’s own experience

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19
Q

Edward Titchener

A

Wanted to identify what the basic elements of the mind were. Tried with introspection but didn’t go too well.

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20
Q

William James

A

Developed functionalism
Believed consciousness must serve a biological purpose
‘Why’ not ‘what’

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21
Q

Functionalism

A

The study of how mental processes helped people adapt to their environment
Inspired by Charles Darwin

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22
Q

G. Stanley Hall

A

Believed children developed through the stages of human history.

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23
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Developed psychoanalytic theory.
Believed problems could be traced back to painful childhood experiences

24
Q

Psychoanalytic theory

A

An approach that focuses on the importance of unconscious mental processes

25
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Focused on bringing unconscious material into conscious awareness to understand psychological disorders

26
Q

The psychoanalytical movement…

A

Influenced a lot, from art to polotics

27
Q

Why did Freud lose favour?

A

His video on human nature was wark

28
Q

Humanistic Psycology

A

Approach that emphasized the potential of humans

29
Q

Beyaviourism

A

Believed that psychologists should only study objectively observable behavior

30
Q

John Broadus Watson

A

Believed in Behaviourism
Believed study should only focus on observable behavior

31
Q

Behaviourism is sometimes called..

A

Stimulus-response psychology

32
Q

Burrhus Fredrick Skinner

A

Worked with reinforcement (mouse pressing lever for food)
Believed free will was an illusion

33
Q

Reinforcement

A

Stated that the consequences of behaviour determines if that behavior will be more or less likely to happen again

34
Q

Why was behaviorusm replaced?

A

It ignored the mental processes that fascinated psychologists. Also ignored evolutionary history.

35
Q

Max Wertheimer

A

Focused on the study of illusions
Gestalt theory

36
Q

Gestalt psychology

A

A psychological approach that emphasized that people perceive the whole rather than the parts

37
Q

Kurt Lewin

A

Believed a person’s behavior xan very understood by knowing their experiences

38
Q

The emergence of the computer let to…

A

A reassurance of interest in mental processes and a new approach called cognitive psychology

39
Q

Cognitive Psycology

A

The scientific study of mental processes, including perception, thought, memory, and reasoning

40
Q

What did WWII do for psycology?

A

Saw that pilots couldn’t multitask that well, multi-tasking isn’t great.

41
Q

Noam Chomsky

A

Showed that children putting together new sentences showed that not everything was learned by experience

42
Q

Karl Lashley

A

Tried to find the spot of the brain that showed memory, it’s not one specific part.
Physiological Psycology

43
Q

Physiological Psycology

A

Has grown into behavioral neuroscience. Links psychological processes to activity in the nervous system and other body processes.

44
Q

When was MRI (noninvasive brain scanning) made?

A

Late 1980’s

45
Q

Cognitive neuroscience

A

A field that attempts to understand links between cognitive processes and brain activity

46
Q

Social psycology

A

The study of the causes and consequences of sociality

47
Q

Cultural psycology

A

The study of how cultures reflect and shape psychological processes of their members

48
Q

Cultural psycology gained traction….

A

The 1980s and 1990s

49
Q

Absolutism

A

Holds that culture makes little to no difference in psychological phenomena

50
Q

Relativism

A

Hold that psychological phenomana are likely to vary across cultures and should only be viewed in the context of those cultures

51
Q

Scientific approach

A

Systematically gather and evaluate empirical evidence

52
Q

Basic Reaearch

A

Knowledge for building and/or testing theory

53
Q

Applied research

A

Solutions to practical problems

54
Q

John Locke

A

British Empiricism
Mental events are a produce of physical events and can be studied (Chemicals in brain produce emotions)

55
Q

Steps of the scientific process

A

Form a question
Gather info - form a hypothesis
Research
Analyze data
Build on knowledge

56
Q

Good scientific theories have 3 features

A

Organize info in a meaningful away
Testable
Conforms to law of parsimony

Psycology (8 decks)

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