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Positioning I (radt 131) > Chapter 6 Lower Limb > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

divisions of the distal lower limb

A

foot, leg and distal femur

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2
Q

how many bones in one foot?

A

26

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3
Q

most distal bones of the foot

A

phalanges

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4
Q

number of phalanges on one foot

A

14 (toes, or digits)

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5
Q

number of metatarsals on one foot

A

5

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6
Q

number of tarsals on one foot

A

7

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7
Q

the large toe, or first digit has how many phalanges?

A

2, the proximal phalanx and distal phalanx

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8
Q

the phalanges of the foot are _____than the phalanges of the hand and their movements are ____

A

smaller; more limited

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9
Q

also known as the os calsis, is commonly known as the heel.

A

Calcaneus

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10
Q

articulates anteriorly with the cuboid and superiorly with the talus.

A

Calcaneus

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11
Q

largest talus bone

A

Calcaneus

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12
Q

2nd largest tarsal bone located between the lower leg and the calcaneus

A

talus

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13
Q

located on the medial side of the foot, between the talus and the three cuniforms

A

navicular

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14
Q

medial, intermediate, and lateral

A

cuniforms

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15
Q

how many cuniforms are there?

A

3

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16
Q

located on the lateral aspect of the foot

A

cuboid

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17
Q

the result of repeated stresses to a bone that would be injured by isolated forces of the same manginutde. Regardless of location, the activities resulting in stress fx. are usually strenuous, often new or different, and repeated with frequency before producing pain. It is first visualized 10-2- days after the onset of symptoms. Radionuclide bone scans can demonstrate a stress fx. before it can be detected on plain. radiographs.

A

Stress (fatigue/march) Fracture

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18
Q

fx. which extends along the length of the bone

A

linear/longitudinal fracture

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19
Q

involves both malleoli (of tibia and fibula) with dislocation of the ankle joint

A

Pott’s Fracture

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20
Q

a transverse fracture at the base of the fifth metatarsal-one of the most frequent injuries of the foot-an avulsion injury that results from plantar flexion and inversion of the foot as in stepping off a curb.

A

Jones’s Fracture

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21
Q

the tibial tuberosity is separated from the shaft of the tibia- visualized on the lateral projection of the knee

A

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

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22
Q

primary malignant tumor arising in the bone marrow in children and young adults-seen as a large portion of bone destruction in the central portion of the shaft of a long bone

A

Ewings Sarcoma

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23
Q

generally occurs in the ends of long bones(especially the knee) pulmonary metastases develop early-appears as a sunburst pattern with bony spicules extending outward in a radiating fashion

A

Osteogenic Sarcoma

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24
Q

benign projection of bone with a cartilagenous cap (especially the knee) the long axix of the tumor is parallel to the parent bone

A

Osteochondroma

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25
Q

insufficient mineralization of the adult skeleton-appears radiographically as a loss of bone density-bones may bend or give way upon weight bearing. less technique needed for these cases

A

Osteomalacia

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26
Q

infant/childhood equivalent of osteomalacia rheumatoid arthritis-chronic systemic disease-noninfectious inflammatory arthritis of the hand and foot joints osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease/DJD) loss of joint cartiledge and reactive new bone formation-predominantly affects weight bearing joints and interphalangeal joints of the fingers-part of the wear and tear of the aging process. Less technique needed for these cases

A

Rickets

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27
Q

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow caused by infectious organisms that reach the bone

A

osteomyelitis

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28
Q

chronic systemic disease – Non-infectious inflammatory arthritis of the hand and foot joint. Less technique needed for these cases

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

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29
Q

loss of joint cartiledge and reactive new bone formation – predominantly affects weight-bearing joints and interphalangeal joints of the fingers – part of the wear and tear of the aging process. Less techniqeu needed for these cases

A

Osteoarthritis (Degenerative Joint Disease / DJD)

30
Q

fx. of the medial & lateral malleoli and the posterior tip of the distal tibia

A

Tri-Malleolar Fracture

31
Q

Toes- also called by

A

phalanges or digits

32
Q

Large toe only has ________ phalanx.

A

two

33
Q

5 bones of the insteps

A

metatarsals

34
Q

Large toe is numbered _____
digit, all the way to
the pinky, which is the_____
.

A

1st: 5th

35
Q

Most distal aspect of the metatarsal is the___ ,
followed by the ___, then most proximal is the
___

A

head;body;base

36
Q

A single ___________ at the base of the 5th
metatarsal, where often times there are
fractures.

A

tuberosity

37
Q

7 of these in the foot

A

tarsals

38
Q

also known as the os calsis, is
commonly known as the heel. Articulates
anteriorly with the _________, and superiorly
with the talus. Largest tarsal bone

A

Calcaneus;cuboid

39
Q

2nd largest tarsal bone located

between the lower leg and the calcaneus.

A

talus

40
Q

located on the medial side of
the foot, between the talus and the___________
cuniforms

A

Navicular;three

41
Q

(3 of them) – medial,

intermediate, and lateral.

A

cuniforms

42
Q

Located on the lateral aspect

of the foot.

A

cuboid

43
Q

Ankle joint – formed by ____________________

A

3 bones- tibia, fibula and talus

44
Q

Tibia – the medial _______________ is an
elongated process of the tibia which extends down
alongside the ____________ talus.

A

malleolus;medial

45
Q

the lateral malleolus is actually the distal

end of the fibula

A

fibula

46
Q

part of the foot that makes up the ankle

joint.

A

talus

47
Q

a 3 sided opening of
the ankle joint. Always pull the foot back towards
the head to try to visualize this better on an AP
projection.

A

ankle mortise

48
Q

Tibia – made up of

A

proximal extremity, distal

extremity, and the central body.

49
Q

________________eminence on the
superior surface of the tibial head. This
eminence is divided into 2 parts, the __________________________
intercondylar tubercles.

A

intercondyloid;medial and lateral

50
Q

the proximal extremity has 2 ___called the tibial plateau
which articulates with the femur. The
plateau slopes posteriorly about ______

A

articular facets;10-20

degrees.

51
Q

_________________ located on the
anterior portion of the proximal
extremity, but distal to the condyles.

A

tibial tuberosity

52
Q

the long shaft of the tibia.
Has a ridge along it , which is very
sharp. This ridge is called the crest and
is often referred to as the shin

A

Body

53
Q

located lateral and _________________ to

the tibia

A

Fibula

54
Q

the longest bone in the body

A

Femur

55
Q

_____________– largest _____________
bone in the body. Is located above the
actual knee joint. Triangle shaped

A

patella;sesamoid

56
Q

Intercondylar fossa –fossa separated by the

___________________

A

condyles

57
Q

on the femur, the Medial condyle (extends more distally)

and lateral condyle articulate with the

A

tibia.

58
Q

Generally the angle of the femur is
_____________on a woman than a man
due to the broadness of the hips and the
fact that women are usually shorter.

A

greater

59
Q

_____________________ is a raised area
that receives a tendon on the medial side
the femur above the condyle

A

adductor tubercle

60
Q 
Medial and lateral epicondyles are the 
rough\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ on the 
outermost tips of the medial and lateral 
condyles
of the femur
A

prominences

61
Q

Patellar surface is the surface of the femur
located directly ________________ to the
patella. It is also known as the
_________________________ as well as
the intercondylar surface.

A

posterior;trochlear

62
Q

handling technique for Sm. To med.

Plaster cast

A

Increase mAs 50-

60%, or 5-7 kVp

63
Q

handling technique for Lge. Plaster cast

A

Increase mAs 100%,

or 8-10 kVP

64
Q

handling technique for Fiberglass cast

A

Increase mAs 25-30

%, or 3-4 kVp

65
Q

is the bottom of the foot, also known as the posterior.

A

Plantar surface

66
Q

is the top of the foot, also known as the anterior.

A

Dorsum surface

67
Q

brings the toes back towards the head

A

dorsum flexion

68
Q

points the toes downwards.

A

plantar flexion

69
Q

(varus)– rolled the ankle inward

A

inversion

70
Q

(valgus) – rolled the ankle outward

A

eversion

Positioning I (radt 131) (7 decks)

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