Chapter 3 Abdomen Flashcards
most common radiograph of the abdomen
AP Supine Abdomen
Common terms you will often hear for an AP Supine Abdomen
“Plain” Film
KUB
“Flat Plate”
AAS
Acute abdominal series
Abd Rtn
Abdominal Routine
a 2 view abdomen consists of what?
a KUB and an Erect radiograph of the abdomen
a 3 view abdomen consist of what?
a KUB, Erect abdomen, and a PA chest
why do we do a PA chest?
to see the diaphragm
a 4 view abdomen consists of what?
KUB, Erect abdomen, PA chest, and a lat. decub. of abdomen
Are abdomen radiographs taken on inspiration or expiration? Why?
Expiration. Because the diaphragm is raised and it gives more room for the abdomen things to spread out.
reasons for doing a abdominal rtn or AAS
- Bowel obstruction
- Perforations (includes free air)
- Excessive fluid in the abdomen (increases the technique used)
- mass
3 major abdominal muscles
Diaphragm
left Psoas
right Psoas
organs of the digestive system (alimentary tract)
- oral cavity
- pharynx
- esophogus
- stomach
- small intestine
- large intestine
organs of the biliary system
Liver and gallbladder
organs of the urinary system
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
1st organ of the digestive system located in the abdomen cavity. Size and shape varies according to body habitus. contains folds called rugae.
The stomach
located within the abdomen cavity and is about 15-18 feet in length
small intestine
1st part of the small intestine. Ducts from the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas drain here. VERY SHORT (about 10 inches in length.) shape of the letter c
duodenum
2nd longest part of the small intestines.
jejunum
last but longest part of the small intestines. Also the smoothest
Ileum
the orifice between the small intestine and the cecum located at the distal ileum
Ileocecal valve
located in the abdomen cavity and is about 5-6feet long
Large Intestines
the portion of large intestine that is directly below the ileocecal valve of the small intestine. Is a saclike area.
Cecum
an organ that is attached to the cecum
appendix
vertical portion of the large intestine ascending towards the liver
ascending colon
horizontal part of the large intestine that starts at the rt. colic flexure (called the hepatic flexure)
transverse colon
descending part of the large intestine that starts at the left colic flexure (called the splenic flexure)
descending colon
”s” shaped part of the colon
sigmoid colon
final part of the large intestine
rectum
terminal opening of the large intestine also a muscle
anus
largest solid organ in the body. Produces bile needed for digestion of fat. located in RUQ
Liver
Pear shaped sac. located underneath the liver. stores and concentrates bile. cannot be visualized without contrast
gall bladder
what type of procedure is usually done to see the gall bladder without use of contrast?
ultrasound
elongated gland, posterior to the stomach, between the duodenum and the spleen. about 6 inches long. part of the endocrine and exocrine system. produces hormones like insulin. also produces digestive juices that are dumped into the duodenum through a pancreatic duct as needed for digestion.
Pancreas
located in the LUQ. part o the lymphatic system. posterior and to the left of the stomach. NOT associated with the digestive system
Spleen
waste material and excess H2O removed from blood happens here. There are two of them
kidneys
carries urine to the bladder from the kidneys. (2)
ureters
urinary organ that stores urine. (1)
bladder
passes the urine to the exterior (1)
urethra
what shape are the kidneys?
bean
an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen. Need to increase exposure factors.
Ascites
free air of gas in the peritoneal cavity. Best demonstrated with a horizontal beam erect chest or abdomen
Pneumoperitoneum
a fibrous band of tissue interrelates with the intestine creating a blockage
fibrous adhesions
chronic inflammation of the intestinal wall which can result in bowel obstruction
Crohn’s Disease
telescoping of a section of bowel into another loop creating an obstruction
Intussusception
twisting of a loop of intestine creating an obstruction
Volvulus
chronic disease involving inflammation of the colon
Ulcerative colitis
done to visualize the urinary organs . contrast media is injected to visualize the organs. this is often done to check fro kidney stones
IVU(intravenous urogram-registry name for it)
IVP(intravenous pyelogram-clinicals will call it this)
a large double walled saclike membrane that covers most of the abdominal structures, organs, and the wall of the abdominal cavity. Has two types.
Peritoneum
2 types of peritoneum
Parietal- adheres to the cavity wall
Visceral-portion covering or partially covering an organ
the space between the parietal and the visceral peritoneum. contains a lubricating serous fluid which allows the organs to move against each other without friction.
peritoneal cavity
two portions of the peritoneal cavity
the greater and lesser sac
another name for the lesser sac
omentum bursa
a double fold of the peritoneum. purpose is to bind the organs to each other and the abdominal wall.
mesentary
extends from anteriorly from the posterior abdominal wall completely enveloping a loop of small bowel
mesentary
blood, lymph vessels and nerves that supply the organs are located within the double folds of what part of the peritoneum
mesentary
means located under or beneath the peritoneum
infraperitoneal
means organs within the abdominal cavity-lots of movement
intraperitoneal
means behind the peritoneum-very little movement
retroperitoneal
males have what type of sac
closed sac
females have what type of sac
open sac
