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Positioning I (radt 131) > Chapter 3 Abdomen > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

most common radiograph of the abdomen

A

AP Supine Abdomen

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2
Q

Common terms you will often hear for an AP Supine Abdomen

A

“Plain” Film
KUB
“Flat Plate”

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3
Q

AAS

A

Acute abdominal series

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4
Q

Abd Rtn

A

Abdominal Routine

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5
Q

a 2 view abdomen consists of what?

A

a KUB and an Erect radiograph of the abdomen

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6
Q

a 3 view abdomen consist of what?

A

a KUB, Erect abdomen, and a PA chest

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7
Q

why do we do a PA chest?

A

to see the diaphragm

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8
Q

a 4 view abdomen consists of what?

A

KUB, Erect abdomen, PA chest, and a lat. decub. of abdomen

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9
Q

Are abdomen radiographs taken on inspiration or expiration? Why?

A

Expiration. Because the diaphragm is raised and it gives more room for the abdomen things to spread out.

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10
Q

reasons for doing a abdominal rtn or AAS

A
  1. Bowel obstruction
  2. Perforations (includes free air)
  3. Excessive fluid in the abdomen (increases the technique used)
  4. mass
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11
Q

3 major abdominal muscles

A

Diaphragm
left Psoas
right Psoas

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12
Q

organs of the digestive system (alimentary tract)

A
  1. oral cavity
  2. pharynx
  3. esophogus
  4. stomach
  5. small intestine
  6. large intestine
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13
Q

organs of the biliary system

A

Liver and gallbladder

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14
Q

organs of the urinary system

A

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

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15
Q

1st organ of the digestive system located in the abdomen cavity. Size and shape varies according to body habitus. contains folds called rugae.

A

The stomach

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16
Q

located within the abdomen cavity and is about 15-18 feet in length

A

small intestine

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17
Q

1st part of the small intestine. Ducts from the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas drain here. VERY SHORT (about 10 inches in length.) shape of the letter c

A

duodenum

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18
Q

2nd longest part of the small intestines.

A

jejunum

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19
Q

last but longest part of the small intestines. Also the smoothest

A

Ileum

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20
Q

the orifice between the small intestine and the cecum located at the distal ileum

A

Ileocecal valve

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21
Q

located in the abdomen cavity and is about 5-6feet long

A

Large Intestines

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22
Q

the portion of large intestine that is directly below the ileocecal valve of the small intestine. Is a saclike area.

A

Cecum

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23
Q

an organ that is attached to the cecum

A

appendix

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24
Q

vertical portion of the large intestine ascending towards the liver

A

ascending colon

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25
Q

horizontal part of the large intestine that starts at the rt. colic flexure (called the hepatic flexure)

A

transverse colon

26
Q

descending part of the large intestine that starts at the left colic flexure (called the splenic flexure)

A

descending colon

27
Q

”s” shaped part of the colon

A

sigmoid colon

28
Q

final part of the large intestine

A

rectum

29
Q

terminal opening of the large intestine also a muscle

A

anus

30
Q

largest solid organ in the body. Produces bile needed for digestion of fat. located in RUQ

A

Liver

31
Q

Pear shaped sac. located underneath the liver. stores and concentrates bile. cannot be visualized without contrast

A

gall bladder

32
Q

what type of procedure is usually done to see the gall bladder without use of contrast?

A

ultrasound

33
Q

elongated gland, posterior to the stomach, between the duodenum and the spleen. about 6 inches long. part of the endocrine and exocrine system. produces hormones like insulin. also produces digestive juices that are dumped into the duodenum through a pancreatic duct as needed for digestion.

A

Pancreas

34
Q

located in the LUQ. part o the lymphatic system. posterior and to the left of the stomach. NOT associated with the digestive system

A

Spleen

35
Q

waste material and excess H2O removed from blood happens here. There are two of them

A

kidneys

36
Q

carries urine to the bladder from the kidneys. (2)

A

ureters

37
Q

urinary organ that stores urine. (1)

A

bladder

38
Q

passes the urine to the exterior (1)

A

urethra

39
Q

what shape are the kidneys?

A

bean

40
Q

an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen. Need to increase exposure factors.

A

Ascites

41
Q

free air of gas in the peritoneal cavity. Best demonstrated with a horizontal beam erect chest or abdomen

A

Pneumoperitoneum

42
Q

a fibrous band of tissue interrelates with the intestine creating a blockage

A

fibrous adhesions

43
Q

chronic inflammation of the intestinal wall which can result in bowel obstruction

A

Crohn’s Disease

44
Q

telescoping of a section of bowel into another loop creating an obstruction

A

Intussusception

45
Q

twisting of a loop of intestine creating an obstruction

A

Volvulus

46
Q

chronic disease involving inflammation of the colon

A

Ulcerative colitis

47
Q

done to visualize the urinary organs . contrast media is injected to visualize the organs. this is often done to check fro kidney stones

A

IVU(intravenous urogram-registry name for it)

IVP(intravenous pyelogram-clinicals will call it this)

48
Q

a large double walled saclike membrane that covers most of the abdominal structures, organs, and the wall of the abdominal cavity. Has two types.

A

Peritoneum

49
Q

2 types of peritoneum

A

Parietal- adheres to the cavity wall

Visceral-portion covering or partially covering an organ

50
Q

the space between the parietal and the visceral peritoneum. contains a lubricating serous fluid which allows the organs to move against each other without friction.

A

peritoneal cavity

51
Q

two portions of the peritoneal cavity

A

the greater and lesser sac

52
Q

another name for the lesser sac

A

omentum bursa

53
Q

a double fold of the peritoneum. purpose is to bind the organs to each other and the abdominal wall.

A

mesentary

54
Q

extends from anteriorly from the posterior abdominal wall completely enveloping a loop of small bowel

A

mesentary

55
Q

blood, lymph vessels and nerves that supply the organs are located within the double folds of what part of the peritoneum

A

mesentary

56
Q

means located under or beneath the peritoneum

A

infraperitoneal

57
Q

means organs within the abdominal cavity-lots of movement

A

intraperitoneal

58
Q

means behind the peritoneum-very little movement

A

retroperitoneal

59
Q

males have what type of sac

A

closed sac

60
Q

females have what type of sac

A

open sac

Positioning I (radt 131) (7 decks)

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