Chapter 6 Long-Term Memory: Structure Quiz 1

Question 1

Autobiographical memory

Answer 1

Memory for specific events from a person’s life, which can include both episodic and semantic components.

Question 2

Classical conditioning

Answer 2

A procedure in which pairing a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that elicits a response causes the neutral stimulus to elicit that response.

Question 3

Coding

Answer 3

The form in which stimuli are represented in the mind. For example, information can be represented in visual, semantic, and phonological forms.

Question 4

Expert-induced amnesia

Answer 4

Amnesia that occurs because well-learned procedural memories do not require attention.

Question 5

Explicit memory

Answer 5

Memory that involves conscious recollections of events or facts that we have learned in the past.

Question 6

Hippocampus

Answer 6

A subcortical structure that is important for forming long-term memories, and that also plays a role in remote episodic memories and in short-term storage of novel information.

Question 7

Implicit memory

Answer 7

Memory that occurs when an experience affects a person’s behavior, even though the person is not aware that he or she has had the experience.

Question 8

Long-term memory (LTM)

Answer 8

A memory mechanism that can hold large amounts of information for long periods of time. Long-term memory is one of the stages in the modal model of memory.

Question 9

Mental time travel

Answer 9

According to Tulving, the defining property of the experience of episodic memory, in which a person travels back in time in his or her mind to reexperience events that happened in the past.

Question 10

Personal semantic memory

Answer 10

Semantic components of autobiographical memories.

Question 11

Primacy effect

Answer 11

In a memory experiment in which a list of words is presented, enhanced memory for words presented at the beginning of the list.

Question 12

Priming

Answer 12

A change in response to a stimulus caused by the previous presentation of the same or a similar stimulus.

Question 13

Proactive interference

Answer 13

When information learned previously interferes with learning new information. E.g. previous info interferes with later learning - french class, spanish class, then a french test.

Question 14

Procedural memory

Answer 14

Memory for how to carry out highly practiced skills - knowing how to do things. Procedural memory is a type of implicit memory because although people can carry out a skilled behavior, they often cannot explain exactly how they are able to do so. Type of long term memory.

Question 15

Propaganda effect

Answer 15

People are more likely to rate statements they have read or heard before as being true, just because of prior exposure to the statements.

Question 16

Recency effect

Answer 16

In a memory experiment in which a list of words is presented, enhanced memory for words presented at the end of the list.

Question 17

Recognition memory

Answer 17

Identifying a stimulus that was encountered earlier. Stimuli are presented during a study period; later, the same stimuli plus other, new stimuli are presented. The participants’ task is to pick the stimuli that were originally presented.

Question 18

Release from proactive interference

Answer 18

• A situation in which conditions occur that eliminate or reduce the decrease in performance caused by proactive interference.
  (e. g. you tube - Proactive interference is reduced when a person switches to a new stimulus category leading to increased recall.)

Question 19

Remember/know procedure

Answer 19

A procedure in which subjects are presented with a stimulus they have encountered before and are asked to indicate remember, if they remember the circumstances under which they initially encountered it, or know, if the stimulus seems familiar but they don’t remember experiencing it earlier.

Question 20

Repetition priming

Answer 20

When an initial presentation of a stimulus affects the person’s response to the same stimulus when it is presented later.

Question 21

Semanticization of remote memory

Answer 21

Loss of episodic details for memories of long-ago events.

Question 22

Serial position curve

Answer 22

In a memory experiment in which participants are asked to recall a list of words, a plot of the percentage of participants remembering each word against the position of that word in the list.

Question 23

Skill memory

Answer 23

Memory for doing things that usually involve learned skills.