Chapter 6 - Long-Term Memory: Structure

Question 1

long-term memory (LTM)

Answer 1

the system that is responsible for storing information for long periods of time.

Question 2

serial position curve

Answer 2

In a memory experiment in which participants are asked to recall a list of words, a plot of the percentage of participants remembering each word against the position of the word in the list.

Question 3

primacy effect

Answer 3

in a memory experiment in which a list of words is presented, enhanced memory for words presented at the beginning of the list.

Question 4

recency effect

Answer 4

in a memory experiment in which a list of words is presented, enhanced memory for words presented at the end of the list.

Question 5

coding

Answer 5

refers to the form in which stimuli are represented in the mind.

EX: information can be represented in visual, semantic, and phonological forms.

Question 6

release from proactive interference

Answer 6

a situation in which conditions occur that eliminate or reduce the decrease in performance caused by proactive interference.

Question 7

recognition memory

Answer 7

the identification of a stimulus that was encountered earlier.

Question 8

hippocampus

Answer 8

a subcortical structure that is important for forming long-term memories, and that also plays a role in remote episodic memories and in short-term storage of novel information.

Question 9

mental time travel

Answer 9

the experience of traveling back in time to reconnect with events that happened in the past.

Question 10

autobiographical memory

Answer 10

memory for specific experiences from our life, which can include both episodic and semantic components.

Question 11

personal semantic memories

Answer 11

semantic components of autobiographical memories.

Question 12

remember/know procedure

Answer 12

a procedure in which subjects are presented with a stimulus they have encountered before and are asked to indicate REMEMBER, if they remember the circumstances under which they initially encounter it or KNOW, if the stimulus seems familiar but they don’t remember experiencing it earlier.

Question 13

semanticization of remote memories

Answer 13

loss of episodic detail for memories of long-ago events.

Question 14

explicit memories

Answer 14

memories we are aware of.

memory that involves conscious recollection of events or facts that we have learned in the past.

Question 15

implicit memories

Answer 15

memories we are not aware of.

memory that occurs when an experience affects a person’s behavior, even thou the person is not aware that he or she has had the experience.

Question 16

procedural memory/skill memory

Answer 16

memory for how to carry out highly practiced skills.

a type of implicit memory because although people can carry out a skilled behavior, they often cannot explain exactly how they are able to do so.

Question 17

priming

Answer 17

occurs when the presentation of one stimulus (the priming stimulus) changes the way a person responds to another stimulus (the test stimulus)

Question 18

repetition priming

Answer 18

occurs when the test stimulus is the same as or resembles the priming stimulus.

Question 19

propoganda effect

Answer 19

when people are more likely to rate statements they have read or heard before as being true, just because of prior exposure to the statements.

Question 20

classical conditioning

Answer 20

occurs when the following two stimuli are paired: (1) a neutral stimulus that initially does not result in a response and (2) a conditioning stimulus that does result in a response

EX: Pavlov’s dog