Chapter 6: Launching a New Nation Flashcards
Alexander Hamilton
S P
Definition: The first secretary of treasury appointed by George Washington. He was a part of the very first cabinet
Significance: He helped guide George Washington in governing a newfound country
Judiciary Act of 1789
S P
Deifnition: Law that established the federal court system and any of the supreme court justices that provided for the appeal of certain state court decisions to the federal court
Significance: This took some power away from the states, and gave power to the government
Cabinet
S P
Definition: Group of department heads who serve as the President’s chief advisors
Significance: The formation of the cabinet helped the President make tough decisions
Bank of the United States
S P E
Definition: Either of the two national banks, funded by the federal government and private investors, established by congress. The first one was in 1791 as the second was 1816
Significance: The national banks give the people a place to invest in money and gives the government control over that investment
Democratic-Republicans
S P
Definition: Political party known for its support in strong state government, founded by Thomas Jefferson in 1792 in opposition to the Federalist Party
Significance: This is the political party that later splits into two, making for the Democratic and Republicans
Two Party System
S P
Definition: A political system that involves two major political parties
Significance: This is the system that grows and matures into the very same system that is used in the USA today
Protective Tariff
S P E
Definition: A tax on imported goods that is interested to protect a nation’s business from foreign competition
Excise Tax
S P E
Definition: A tax on the production, sale, or consumption of goods produced within a country
Significance: This makes the citizens angry and upset with the government imposement of the new tax
Neutrality
S R
Definition: A refusal to take part in wars between other nations
Significance: The quakers are exempted from the draft
Edmund Genet
S P
Definition: French diplomat that rounded up American citizens for war against Britain
Significance: He is seen as a radical because of his support for France and some citizens idolize him because of it
Thomas Pinckey
S
Definition: Signer of the treaty between Spain
Significance: Brought peace between waring nations
Little Turtle
S P
Definition: Miami Indian tribe that brought conflict amount the states
Significance: This tribe showed how the Native Americans never left, despite the formation of a new country
John Jay
S P
Definition: Chief justice of the supreme court who negotiate a treaty with Britain
Significance: He tried to help bring about peace between the US and Britain
Sectionalism
S P
Definition: The placing of the interests for one’s own region ahead of the nation as a whole
Significance: This caused tension between the state and nation
XYZ Affair
S P E
Definition: A 1779 affair in which French officials demanded a bribe from U.S. Officials
Significance: This angered the US and damaged the relationship between the US and France
Alien and Sedition Acts
S P
Definition: A series of four laws enacted in 1796 to reduce political power of recent immigrants to the United States
Significance:This took away some of the political power instated in the government against immigrants
Nullification
S P
Definition: The state’s refusal to recognize an act of congress that it considers unconstitutional
Significance: This gives the states power over the national government, later becoming grounds for succession
Aaron Burr
S P
Definition: Jefferson’s running mate, who received the same number of votes in the electoral college as Jefferson. The House of Representatives had to be called upon to choose between the two highest vote getters.
Significnce: This shows the electoral collage’s importance in the voting system
John Marshall
S P
Definition: Staunch Federalist who was appointed by Jefferson as chief justice of the supreme court
Significance: He gave the supreme court ideas that were rooted from Federalist notions
Judiciary Act of 1801
S P
Definition: The law that increased the number of federal judges, allowing president John Adams to fill most of the new posts with federalists
Significance: This allowed more federalist persuasion in the federal court
Midnight Judges
S P
Definition: One of the judges appointed by John Adams in the last hours of his admissions
Significance: These judges were last minute in their appointment, making for a hasty decision
Marbury VS Madison
S P
Definition: A 1803 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that it had the power to abolish legislative acts by declaring them unconstitutional; this power came to be known as the judiciary review
Significance: This gave the Supreme Court power over the legislature
Judiciary Review
S P
Definition: The Supreme Court’s power to declare an act of congress unconstitutional
Significance: This gives the Supreme Court massive power over congress
Louisiana Purchase
S P E
Definition: The 1803 purchase of the United States of France’s Louisiana territory-extending from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains-for $15 million
Significance:This greatly expanded the US’s borders, providing more land and crops and trade routes
