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Government AP/CC > Chapter 6 KTR > Flashcards

Chapter 6 KTR Flashcards

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1
Q

Representation

A

Those we elect should look out for local interests and carry out represented wills

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2
Q

Represent constituency

A

Body of voters in specified area who elect representative to legislative body

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3
Q

Policy representation

A

Congressional work for laws that advocate economic and social interests of constituency

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4
Q

Allocative representation

A

Congressperson gets projects and grants for district

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5
Q

Pork Barrel

A

Paid for by all taxpayers but enjoyed by a few Congress members

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6
Q

Casework

A

Constituency service; covers things such as civilian problems

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7
Q

Symbolic representation

A

Members of Congress represent positive values that Americans associate with public life and government

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8
Q

National lawmaking

A

Address country’s social/economic problems through passing laws that serve interests of entire nation

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9
Q

Congressional Powers/Responsibilities

A
  • Laid out in Article I, Section 8
  • Tax, pay debt, common defense
  • Initiate legislation and must pass every bill in identical form before signed by pres.
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10
Q

Senate

A
  • Higher educated, intellectual
  • 100 members
  • 6 years; can suspend preoccupation with next campaign for 5 years
  • 30 year old minimum
  • Tries official who is being impeached
  • Ability to confirm appt.
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11
Q

House

A
  • 435 members; hierarchal system
  • 2 year term
  • 25 year minimum
  • Initiate Budget Bills
  • Impeaches with treason, bribery, high crimes
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12
Q

Checks and balances

A
  • Congress’ bills: (1) Pres. signs or refrains from voting; (2) 2/3 majority to override
  • Congressional oversight
  • Congress sets up lower federal courts/salaries/establishes issues of jurisdiction
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13
Q

Congressional oversight

A

-Congress keeps president/executive branch in check through hearings, selective investigations of executive actions

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14
Q

of Senators/House

A
  • 2 Senators/state

- Based on population for House

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15
Q

Reapportionment

A

-435 House seats are reallocated among the states after 10 year census

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16
Q

Redistricting

A

-Redrawing district lines in states with more than one rep.

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17
Q

Gerrymandering

A

-Process of drawing district lines to benefit one group

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18
Q

Pro-Incumbent Gerrymandering

A

-State legislature so closely divided members can’t agree who to favor; agree to create districts that reinforce current power structure

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19
Q

Partisan Gerrymandering

A

-Draw districts to maximize number of House seats their party can win

20
Q

Racial Gerrymandering

A

District lines to favor or disadvantage of racial group

21
Q

Coattail Effect

A

Added votes congressional candidates of winning presidential party receive in presidential election year as voters generalize enthusiasm for national candidate to whole party

22
Q

Midterm Loss

A

Regularity with which presidential party loses seats in Congress in midterm elections (between presidential election years)

23
Q

Party/Leadership in House

A
  • Majority party decides rules; Speaker of the House, maj./min. leaders, whips
  • Mechanism for advancement, stand for wide variety of problems
  • Speaker elected by majority party
24
Q

Party/Leadership in Senate

A
  • More decentralized
  • Presiding officer is VP; casts tie-breaking vote when necessary
  • President Pro Temper of Senate presides when VP not present
  • Real leadership in majority and minority leaders; influence scheduling of bills
25
Q

Whips

A

Find out how people intend to vote so leaders can adjust legislation and negotiate acceptable amendments to garner support

26
Q

Committee System

A
  • Details of legislation are worked out; hand work of considering alternatives and draft legislation
  • Undertake congressional oversight
27
Q

Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946

A

Act that supports congressional oversight; continuous watchfulness

28
Q

Standing Committee

A
  • Most of work accomplished; permanent committees created by statute and carry over from session to session
  • Review legislation; amend, kill
29
Q

Rules Committee

A
  • Only in House

- Decides rules and are controlled by Majority Party

30
Q

Select Committee

A
  • Temporary, do not recommend legislation

- used to gather info

31
Q

Joint Committees

A
  • Made up of both houses of Congress

- Coordinated activities to expedite consideration of legislation

32
Q

Conference Committees

A

Temporary committees of both houses of Congress commissioned to resolve differences

33
Q

Congressional Research Service

A
  • Unit of Library of Congress

- 180 people

34
Q

Government Accountability Office

A
  • 5,000 employees

- Audits books of executive members with economic estimates

35
Q

Congressional Policymaking:

-Bicameral

A

-All congressional policy has to be passed by both houses

36
Q

Congressional Policymaking:

-Fragmentation

A

-Legislation is broken into bits; each considered by individual committees

37
Q

Congressional Policymaking:

-Congressional Norms

A

-Informal rules of procedure learned by newcomers; work hard, develop specialization…

38
Q

Bill Becomes Law:

-Proposed, legislative agenda

A
  • Problem that is possible, appropriate, and timely for Congress to solve
  • Gets public attention, triggered by well of publicized event, members find it in own interest
39
Q

Policy Entrepreneurship

A

Finding right policy to push at right time

40
Q

Legislative Process

A
  1. Bill introduced
  2. Committee/subcommittee consider
  3. House/Senate consider an vote
  4. Conference committee to resolve
  5. Bill passes
  6. President signs
41
Q

House Legislative Process

A
  • Bill proposed in hopper
  • Bill taken by clerk, number
  • Standing to Rules Committee
42
Q

Senate Legislative Process

A
  • Guarantee open rule by default

- Majority leader/minority schedule legislation for consideration

43
Q

Filibuster

A

-Sometimes used to tie up floor in debate; stopped by cloture

44
Q

Roll Call Voting

A

-Congressional voting; all votes public record, party is most important factor

45
Q

Veto Override

A

-Congress can attempt to override with 2/3 vote

46
Q

Pocket Veto

A

-Pres. does not sign bill within 10 days of the end of session; Congress cannot veto override after that

Government AP/CC (11 decks)

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