Chapter 6 Key Terms Pt. 1 [Memory] Flashcards
memory
the ability to store and retrieve information over time
encoding
the process of transforming what we perceive, think, or feel into an enduring memory
storage
the process of maintaining information in memory over time
retrieval
the process of bringing to mind information that has been previously encoded and stored
semantic encoding
the process of relating new information in a meaningful way to knowledge that is already in memory
organizational encoding
the process of categorizing information according to the relationships among a series of items
sensory memory
a type of storage that holds sensory information for a few seconds or less
iconic memory
a fast-decaying store of visual information
echoic memory
a fast-decaying store of auditory information
short-term memory
a type of storage that hols nonsensory information for more than a few seconds but less than a minute
rehearsal
the process of keeping information in short-term memory by mentally repeating it
chunking
combining small pieces of information into larger clusters or chunks that are more easily held in short-term memory
working memory
active maintenance of information in short-term storage
long-term memory
a type of storage that holds information for hours, days, weeks, or years
anterograde amnesia
the inability to transfer new information from the short-term store into the long-term store {{Dory}}
retrograde amnesia
the inability to retrieve information that was acquired before a particular date, usually the date of an injury or surgery {{trope}}
consolidation
the process by which memories become stable in the brain
reconsolidation
the process that causes memories to become vulnerable to disruption when they are recalled, thus requiring them to become consolidated again
long-term potentiation (LTP)
a process whereby communication across the synapse between neurons strengthens the connection, making further communication easier
state-dependent retrieval
the tendency for information to be better recalled when the person is in the same state during encoding and retrieval
transfer-appropriate processing
the idea that memory is likely to transfer from one situation to another when the encoding and retrieval contexts of the situations match
