Chapter 6 Key Terms Pt. 1 [Memory]

Question 1

memory

Answer 1

the ability to store and retrieve information over time

Question 2

encoding

Answer 2

the process of transforming what we perceive, think, or feel into an enduring memory

Question 3

storage

Answer 3

the process of maintaining information in memory over time

Question 4

retrieval

Answer 4

the process of bringing to mind information that has been previously encoded and stored

Question 5

semantic encoding

Answer 5

the process of relating new information in a meaningful way to knowledge that is already in memory

Question 6

organizational encoding

Answer 6

the process of categorizing information according to the relationships among a series of items

Question 7

sensory memory

Answer 7

a type of storage that holds sensory information for a few seconds or less

Question 8

iconic memory

Answer 8

a fast-decaying store of visual information

Question 9

echoic memory

Answer 9

a fast-decaying store of auditory information

Question 10

short-term memory

Answer 10

a type of storage that hols nonsensory information for more than a few seconds but less than a minute

Question 11

rehearsal

Answer 11

the process of keeping information in short-term memory by mentally repeating it

Question 12

chunking

Answer 12

combining small pieces of information into larger clusters or chunks that are more easily held in short-term memory

Question 13

working memory

Answer 13

active maintenance of information in short-term storage

Question 14

long-term memory

Answer 14

a type of storage that holds information for hours, days, weeks, or years

Question 15

anterograde amnesia

Answer 15

the inability to transfer new information from the short-term store into the long-term store {{Dory}}

Question 16

retrograde amnesia

Answer 16

the inability to retrieve information that was acquired before a particular date, usually the date of an injury or surgery {{trope}}

Question 17

consolidation

Answer 17

the process by which memories become stable in the brain

Question 18

reconsolidation

Answer 18

the process that causes memories to become vulnerable to disruption when they are recalled, thus requiring them to become consolidated again

Question 19

long-term potentiation (LTP)

Answer 19

a process whereby communication across the synapse between neurons strengthens the connection, making further communication easier

Question 20

state-dependent retrieval

Answer 20

the tendency for information to be better recalled when the person is in the same state during encoding and retrieval

Question 21

transfer-appropriate processing

Answer 21

the idea that memory is likely to transfer from one situation to another when the encoding and retrieval contexts of the situations match