Chapter 4 Key Terms Pt. 1 [Sensation & Perception] Flashcards

1
Q

sensation

A

simple stimulation of a sense organ

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2
Q

perception

A

the organization, identification, and interpretation of a sensation in order to form a mental representation

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3
Q

transduction

A

what takes place when many sensors in the body convert physical signals from the environment into encoded neural signals sent to the central nervous system

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4
Q

psychophysics

A

methods that measure the strength of a stimulus and the observer’s sensitive to that stimulus

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5
Q

absolute threshold

A

the minimal intensity needed to just barely detect a stimulus in 50% of the trials

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6
Q

just noticeable difference (JND)

A

the minimal change in a stimulus that can just barely be detected {{related to Weber’s law}}

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7
Q

Weber’s law

A

the just noticeable difference (JND) of a stimulus in a constant proportion despite variations in intensity

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8
Q

signal detection theory

A

the response to a stimulus depends both on a person’s sensitivity to the stimulus in the presence of noise and on a person’s response criterion

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9
Q

sensory adaptation

A

sensitivity to prolonged stimulation tends to decline over time as an organism adapts to current conditions

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10
Q

visual activity

A

the ability to see fine detail

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11
Q

retina

A

light-sensitive tissue lining the back of the eyeball

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12
Q

accommodation

A

the process by which the eye maintains a clear image on the retina

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13
Q

cones

A

photoreceptors that detect color, operate under normal daylight conditions, and allow us to focus on fine detail

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14
Q

rods

A

photoreceptors that become active under low-light conditions for night vision

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15
Q

fovea

A

an area of the retina where vision is the clearest and there are no rods at all

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16
Q

blind spot

A

a location in the visual field that produces no sensation on the retina

17
Q

area V1

A

the part of the occipital lobe that contains the primary visual cortex

18
Q

visual form agnosia

A

the inability to recognize objects by sight

19
Q

binding problem

A

how features are linked together so that we see unified objects in our visual world rather than free-floating or miscombined features

20
Q

illusory conjunction

A

a perceptual mistake where features from multiple objects are incorrectly combined

21
Q

monocular depth cues

A

aspects of a scene that yield information about depth when viewed with only one eye

22
Q

binocular density

A

the difference in the retinal images of the two eyes that provides information about depth

23
Q

apparent motion

A

the perception of movement as a result of alternating signals appearing in rapid succession in different locations

24
Q

change blindness

A

when people fail to detect changes to the visual details of a scene

25
Q

inattentional blindness

A

a failure to perceive objects that are not the focus of attention