Chapter 5 Key Terms Pt. 1 [Consciousness]

Question 1

consciousness

Answer 1

a person’s subjective experience of the world and the mind

Question 2

phenomenology

Answer 2

how things seem to the conscious person

Question 3

problem of other minds

Answer 3

the fundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of others

Question 4

mind-body problem

Answer 4

the issue of how the mind is related to the brain and body

Question 5

cocktail-party phenomenon

Answer 5

a phenomenon in which people tune in one message even when they filter out others nearby

Question 6

dichotic listening

Answer 6

a task in which people wearing headphones hear different messages presented in each ear {{focused / selective hearing}}

Question 7

minimal consciousness

Answer 7

a low-level kind of sensory awareness and responsiveness that occurs when the mind inputs sensations and may output behaviors

Question 8

full consciousness

Answer 8

consciousness in which you know and are able to report your mental state

Question 9

self-consciousness

Answer 9

a distinct level of consciousness in which the person’s attention is drawn to the self as an object

Question 10

mental control

Answer 10

the attempt to change conscious states of mind

Question 11

thought suppression

Answer 11

the conscious avoidance of a thought

Question 12

rebound effect of thought suppression

Answer 12

the tendency of a thought to return to consciousness with greater frequency following suppression {{trying not to think of something makes you think of it more}}

Question 13

ironic processes of mental control

Answer 13

mental processes that can produce ironic errors because monitoring for errors can itself produce them

Question 14

dynamic unconscious (theory 1)

Answer 14

an active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, the person’s deepest instincts and desires, and the person’s inner struggle to control these forces {{Freud}}

Question 15

repression

Answer 15

a mental process that removes unacceptable thoughts and memories from consciousness and keeps them in the unconscious / subconscious

Question 16

cognitive unconscious (theory 2)

Answer 16

all the mental processes that give rise to a person’s thoughts, choices, emotions, and behavior even though they are not experienced by the person

Question 17

subliminal perception

Answer 17

thought or behavior that is influenced by stimuli that a person cannot consciously report perceiving

Question 18

altered state of consciousness

Answer 18

a form of experience that departs significant from the normal subjective experience of the world and the mind {{i.e. dreaming, drugs, alcohol, etc}}

Question 19

circadian rhythm

Answer 19

a naturally occurring 24-hour cycle

Question 20

REM sleep

Answer 20

a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements and a high level of brain activity {{5th stage of sleep}}

Question 21

insomnia

Answer 21

difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep

Question 22

sleep anea

Answer 22

a disorder in which the person stops breathing for brief periods while asleep

Question 23

somnambulism (sleepwalking)

Answer 23

occurs when a person arises and walks around while asleep

Question 24

narcolepsy

Answer 24

a disorder in which sudden sleep attacks occur in the middle of waking activities

Question 25

sleep paralysis

Answer 25

the experience of waking up unable to move

Question 26

night terrors (sleep terrors)

Answer 26

abrupt awakenings with panic and intense emotional arousal

Question 27

activation-synthesis model

Answer 27

the theory that dreams are produced when the brain attempts to make sense of random neural activities that occur during sleep

Question 28

psychoactive drugs

Answer 28

chemicals that influence consciousness or behavior by altering the brain’s chemical message system

Question 29

drug tolerance

Answer 29

the tendency for larger doses of a drug to be required over time to achieve the same effect

Question 30

depressants

Answer 30

substances that reduce the activity of the central nervous system {{alcohol}}

Question 31

expectancy theory

Answer 31

the idea that alcohol effects can be produced by people’s expectations of how alcohol will influence them in particular situations {{not restricted to alcohol}}

Question 32

alcohol myopia

Answer 32

a condition that results when alcohol hampers attention, leading people to respond in simple ways to complex situations

Question 33

stimulants

Answer 33

substances that excite the central nervous system, heightening arousal and activity levels

Question 34

narcotics (opiates)

Answer 34

highly addictive drugs derived from opium that relieve pain

Question 35

hallucinogens

Answer 35

drugs that alter sensation and perception and often cause visual and auditory hallucinations

Question 36

marijuana (cannabis)

Answer 36

the leaves and buds of the hemp plant, which contain a psychoactive drug called tetrahydrocannabinol {{THC}}

Question 37

gateway drug

Answer 37

a drug whose use increases the risk of the subsequent use of more harmful drugs

Question 38

hypnosis

Answer 38

a social interaction in which one person {{hypnotist}} makes suggestions that lead to a change in another person {{the subject}} and their subjective experience of the world

Question 39

posthypnotic amnesia

Answer 39

the failure to retrieve memories following hypnotic suggestions to forget

Question 40

hypnotic analgesia

Answer 40

the reduction of pain through hypnosis in people who are susceptible to hypnosis