Chapter 5 Key Terms Pt. 1 [Consciousness] Flashcards
consciousness
a person’s subjective experience of the world and the mind
phenomenology
how things seem to the conscious person
problem of other minds
the fundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of others
mind-body problem
the issue of how the mind is related to the brain and body
cocktail-party phenomenon
a phenomenon in which people tune in one message even when they filter out others nearby
dichotic listening
a task in which people wearing headphones hear different messages presented in each ear {{focused / selective hearing}}
minimal consciousness
a low-level kind of sensory awareness and responsiveness that occurs when the mind inputs sensations and may output behaviors
full consciousness
consciousness in which you know and are able to report your mental state
self-consciousness
a distinct level of consciousness in which the person’s attention is drawn to the self as an object
mental control
the attempt to change conscious states of mind
thought suppression
the conscious avoidance of a thought
rebound effect of thought suppression
the tendency of a thought to return to consciousness with greater frequency following suppression {{trying not to think of something makes you think of it more}}
ironic processes of mental control
mental processes that can produce ironic errors because monitoring for errors can itself produce them
dynamic unconscious (theory 1)
an active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, the person’s deepest instincts and desires, and the person’s inner struggle to control these forces {{Freud}}
repression
a mental process that removes unacceptable thoughts and memories from consciousness and keeps them in the unconscious / subconscious
cognitive unconscious (theory 2)
all the mental processes that give rise to a person’s thoughts, choices, emotions, and behavior even though they are not experienced by the person
subliminal perception
thought or behavior that is influenced by stimuli that a person cannot consciously report perceiving
altered state of consciousness
a form of experience that departs significant from the normal subjective experience of the world and the mind {{i.e. dreaming, drugs, alcohol, etc}}
circadian rhythm
a naturally occurring 24-hour cycle
REM sleep
a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements and a high level of brain activity {{5th stage of sleep}}
insomnia
difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep
sleep anea
a disorder in which the person stops breathing for brief periods while asleep
somnambulism (sleepwalking)
occurs when a person arises and walks around while asleep
narcolepsy
a disorder in which sudden sleep attacks occur in the middle of waking activities
sleep paralysis
the experience of waking up unable to move
night terrors (sleep terrors)
abrupt awakenings with panic and intense emotional arousal
activation-synthesis model
the theory that dreams are produced when the brain attempts to make sense of random neural activities that occur during sleep
psychoactive drugs
chemicals that influence consciousness or behavior by altering the brain’s chemical message system
drug tolerance
the tendency for larger doses of a drug to be required over time to achieve the same effect
depressants
substances that reduce the activity of the central nervous system {{alcohol}}
expectancy theory
the idea that alcohol effects can be produced by people’s expectations of how alcohol will influence them in particular situations {{not restricted to alcohol}}
alcohol myopia
a condition that results when alcohol hampers attention, leading people to respond in simple ways to complex situations
stimulants
substances that excite the central nervous system, heightening arousal and activity levels
narcotics (opiates)
highly addictive drugs derived from opium that relieve pain
hallucinogens
drugs that alter sensation and perception and often cause visual and auditory hallucinations
marijuana (cannabis)
the leaves and buds of the hemp plant, which contain a psychoactive drug called tetrahydrocannabinol {{THC}}
gateway drug
a drug whose use increases the risk of the subsequent use of more harmful drugs
hypnosis
a social interaction in which one person {{hypnotist}} makes suggestions that lead to a change in another person {{the subject}} and their subjective experience of the world
posthypnotic amnesia
the failure to retrieve memories following hypnotic suggestions to forget
hypnotic analgesia
the reduction of pain through hypnosis in people who are susceptible to hypnosis
