Chapter 6 - Key Terms and Organs

Question 1

orange-yellow pigment formed during the destruction of erythrocytes that is taken up by liver cells and eventually excreted in the feces

Answer 1

bilirubin

Question 2

type of gland that secretes its products through excretory ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue or into a vessel

Answer 2

exocrine

Question 3

mass of masticated food ready for swallowing

Answer 3

bolus

Question 4

circular band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening of the body

Answer 4

sphincter

Question 5

organic compound a true fat that is made of one glycerol and Three fatty acids

Answer 5

triglycerides

Question 6

the oral cavity is a receptacle for food, it is formed by the cheeks (bucca), lips, teeth, tongue, and hard and soft palates.

Answer 6

mouth

Question 7

this contains important digestive enzymes that help begin the chemical breakdown of food

Answer 7

saliva

Question 8

in the mouth, food is broken down mechanically (by the teeth) and chemically (by saliva) and then formed into a

Answer 8

bolus

Question 9

mechanically breaking down food, done by teeth

Answer 9

mastication

Question 10

beneath the enamel of the tooth is ____-, the main structure of the tooth

Answer 10

dentin

Question 11

the innermost part of the tooth, contains nerves and blood vessals

Answer 11

pulp

Question 12

teeth are embedded in pink fleshy tissue

Answer 12

gums (gingiva)

Question 13

this assists in the chewing process by manipulating the bolus of food during chewing and moving it to the back of the mouth for swallowing

Answer 13

tongue

Question 14

swallowing

Answer 14

deglutition

Question 15

rough projections on the surface of the tongue, contain taste buds

Answer 15

papillae

Question 16

four basic sensations registered by chemical stimulation of the taste buds

Answer 16

sweet, sour, salty, and bitter

Question 17

hard palate

Answer 17

anterior portion

Question 18

soft palate

Answer 18

posterior portion

Question 19

tongue pushes the bolus into the throat

Answer 19

pharynx

Question 20

bolus is guided to the pharynx by soft, fleshy, V-shaped structure

Answer 20

uvula

Question 21

a tube of the pharynx that leads to the lungs

Answer 21

trachea

Question 22

a tube of the pharynx that leads to the stomach

Answer 22

esophagus

Question 23

a small flap of cartilage that folds back to cover the trachea during swallowing, forcing food to enter the esophagus, other times remains upright to allow air to pass

Answer 23

epiglottis

Question 24

a saclike structure located in the left upper quadrant (LUQ) and serves as a reservoir that continues mechanical and chemical digestion

Answer 24

stomach

Question 25

terminal portion of the esophagus, composed of muscle fibers that constrict once food has passed into the stomach, prevents regurgitation

Answer 25

lower esophageal (cardiac) sphincter

Question 26

the large central portion of the stomach

Answer 26

body

Question 27

the upper portion of the stomach

Answer 27

fundus

Question 28

where most digestion takes place in the funnel-shaped terminal portion

Answer 28

pylorus

Question 29

the interior lining of the stomach is composed of mucous membranes and contains numerous macroscopic longitudinal folds called ____ that gradually unfold as the stomach fills

Answer 29

rugae

Question 30

semiliquid form that secrets from digestive glands located in the ruga with the mechanical churning of the stomach

Answer 30

chyme

Question 31

where chyme slowly leaves the stomach through

Answer 31

pyloric sphincter

Question 32

food is propelled through the entire GI tract by coordinated, rhythmic muscle contractions called

Answer 32

peristalsis

Question 33

small intestine is approximately __ feet long, beings at the pyloric sphincter, ends at the large intestine

Answer 33

20

Question 34

uppermost segment of SI, around 10 inches long

Answer 34

duodenum

Question 35

SI part that 8 feet long

Answer 35

jejunum

Question 36

SI part the is 12 feet long

Answer 36

ileum

Question 37

nutrient in chyme is absorbed through microscopic, finger-like projections called

Answer 37

villi

Question 38

located at the terminal end of the SI, the sphincter muscle that allows undigested or unabsorbed material from the SI to pass into the LI

Answer 38

ileocecal valve

Question 39

large intestine is around _ feet long, begins at the end of the ileum and extends to the anus

Answer 39

5

Question 40

small pouch that hangs inferior to the ileocecal valve

Answer 40

cecum

Question 41

projecting downward from the cecum, small structure with no apparent function

Answer 41

appendix

Question 42

the functions of this organ are to absorb water and minerals and eliminate undigested material, divided into 4 portions

Answer 42

colon

Question 43

1st part of the colon that extends from the cecum to the lower border of the liver

Answer 43

ascending colon

Question 44

part of colon between ascending and transverse

Answer 44

hepatic flexure

Question 45

the colon continues across the abdomen to the left side, curving beneath the lower end of the spleen

Answer 45

transverse colon

Question 46

part of colon that forms from the transverse colon

Answer 46

splenic flexure

Question 47

transverse colon turns downward

Answer 47

descending colon

Question 48

descending colon contunues until if froms

Answer 48

sigmoid colon

Question 49

end of the colon

Answer 49

rectum

Question 50

end of the rectum

Answer 50

anus

Question 51

organ that produces bile which aids in the digestion of fat

Answer 51

liver

Question 52

as an ________ gland, the pancreas secretes insulin directly into the bloodstream to maintain normal blood glucose levels

Answer 52

endocrine