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Medical Terminology > Chapter 4 - Body Structure > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Body Structure Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

what are a cell’s main activities?

A

utilizing food, facilitating reproduction, and eliminating waste products

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2
Q

what are a cell’s three main structures

A

cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

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3
Q

cytology

A

the study of the body at the cellular level

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4
Q

cell membrane function

A

acts as a barrier that supports and protects the intracellular contents

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5
Q

what is cytoplasm made up of

A

jellylike matrix of proteins, salts, water, dissolved gases, and nurtients

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6
Q

nucleus functions

A

responsible for metabolism, growth, reproduction, carries deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

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7
Q

histology

A

study of tissues

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8
Q

covers surfaces of organs, lines cavities, and canals, forms tubes, and ducts, provides the secreting portions of lands, and makes up the outer layer of the skin. composed of cells arranged in a continuous sheet consisting of one or more layers.

A

epithelial tissue

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9
Q

supports and connects other body tissues, various types such as cartilage, adipose, one, elastic fiber, and even blood

A

connective tissue

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10
Q

provides the contractile tissue of the body, which is responsible for movement

A

muscle tissue

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11
Q

transmits electrical impulses as it relays information throughout the entire body.

A

nervous tissue

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12
Q

what is a plane

A

an imaginary flat surface that divides the body into two sections

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13
Q

divides body into an anterior and posterior sections

A

coronal (frontal) plane

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14
Q

divides the body into top and bottom sections

A

transverse (horizontal) plane

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15
Q

divides the body into right and left halves

A

midsagittal (median) plane

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16
Q

abduction

A

movement away from the misdagittal plane of the body or one of its parts

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17
Q

adduction

A

movement toward the midsagittal plane of the body

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18
Q

medial

A

pertaining to the midline of the body or structure

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19
Q

lateral

A

pertaining to a side

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20
Q

superior (cephalad)

A

toward the head or upper portion of a sturcture

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21
Q

inferior (caudal)

A

away from the head or structure

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22
Q

proximal

A

nearer to the center of to the point of attachment to the body

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23
Q

distal

A

further from the cener or from the point of attachment to the body

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24
Q

anterior (ventral)

A

front of the body

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25
Q

posterior (dorsal)

A

back of the body

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26
Q

parietal

A

pertaining to the outer wall of the body cavity

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27
Q

visceral

A

pertaining to the viscera, or internal organs, especially the abdominal orgains

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28
Q

prone

A

lying on the abdomen, face down

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29
Q

supine

A

lying horizontally on the back, face up

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30
Q

inversion

A

turning inward of inside out

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31
Q

eversion

A

turning outward

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32
Q

palmar

A

pertaining to the palm of the hand

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33
Q

plantar

A

pertaining ot the sole of the foot

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34
Q

superficial

A

toward the surface of the body (external)

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35
Q

deep

A

away from the surface of the body (internal)

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36
Q

what is a body cavity

A

are spaces within the body that hold, protect, separate, and support internal organs.

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37
Q

a cavity that is located on the back of the body

A

dorsal cavity

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38
Q

the cavity located on the front of the body

A

ventral cavity

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39
Q

part of the dorsal cavity that is formed by the skull and contains the brain

A

cranial cavity

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40
Q

part of the dorsal cavity that is formed by the backbone, contains the spinal cord

A

spinal cavity

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41
Q

membranes that line dorsal cavities

A

meninges

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42
Q

part of the ventral cavity that contains the lungs and heart

A

thoracic cavity

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43
Q

the cavity that is part of the ventral cavity but is split into the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

A

abdominopelvic cavity

44
Q

cavity (part of the abdominopelvic cavity) that contains the liver, stomach, intestines, and kidneys

A

abdominal cavity

45
Q

cavity (part of the abdominopelvic cavity) that contains that urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and uterus or prostate gland

A

pelvic cavity

46
Q

what is the abdominopelvic cavity divided into, two imaginary lines that form a cross in the midsection of the lower torso?

A

4 quadrants

47
Q

right lobe of the liver, the gallbladder, part of the pancreas, and part of the small and large intesitnes

A

RUQ

48
Q

left lobe of the liver, the stomach, the spleen, part of the pancreas, and part of the small and large intestines

A

LUQ

49
Q

part of the small and large intesitnes, the appendix, the right ovary, the right fallopian tube, and the right ureter

A

RLQ

50
Q

part of the small and large intestines, the left ovary, the left fallopian tube, and the left ureter

A

LLQ

51
Q

the abdominopelvic cavity can be divided into, used to identify the location of underlying body structures and visceral organs

A

nine regions

52
Q

upper right lateral region beneath the ribs

A

right hypocondriac

53
Q

upper middle region

A

epigastric

54
Q

upper left lateral region beneath the ribs

A

left hypochondriac

55
Q

middle right lateral region`

A

right lumbar

56
Q

region of the naval

A

umbilical

57
Q

middle left lateral region

A

left lumber

58
Q

lower right lateral region

A

right inguinal (iliac)

59
Q

lower middle region

A

hypogastric

60
Q

lower left lateral region

A

left inguinal (iliac)

61
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

62
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

63
Q

kary/o, nucle/o

A

nucleus

64
Q

anter/o

A

anterior. front

65
Q

caud/o

A

tail

66
Q

cephal/o

A

head

67
Q

dist/o

A

far, farthes

68
Q

dors/o

A

back

69
Q

infer/o

A

lower, below

70
Q

later/o

A

side

71
Q

medi/o

A

middle

72
Q

poster/o

A

back, behind, posterior

73
Q

proxim/o

A

near, nearest

74
Q

ventr/o

A

belly, belly side

75
Q

albin/o, luek/o

A

white

76
Q

chrom/o

A

color

77
Q

cirrh/o, jaund/o xanth/o

A

yellow

78
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

79
Q

erythr/o

A

red

80
Q

melan/o

A

black

81
Q

poli/o

A

gray

82
Q

radi/o

A

radiation

83
Q

tom/o

A

to cut

84
Q

viscer/o

A

internal organs

85
Q

-ar

A

pertaining to

86
Q

ic

A

pertaining to

87
Q

-graphy

A

process of recorging

88
Q

infra-

A

below, under

89
Q

peri-

A

around

90
Q

super-

A

upper, above

91
Q

ultra-

A

excess, beyond

92
Q

when homeostasis is disrupter and cells, tissues, organs, or systems are unable to function effectively.

A

disease

93
Q

________ is a pathological or morbid condition

A

disease

94
Q

__________ is the prediction of the course of a disease and its probable outcome.

A

prognosis

95
Q

___________ disease is one whose cause is unknown or exists without any connection with a known cause

A

isiopathic

96
Q

abnormal fibrous band that hold or binds tissues that are normally separated

A

adhesion

97
Q

abnormal accumulation of fluid within tissue spaces

A

edema

98
Q

having or showing symptoms of a fever

A

febrile

99
Q

death and decay of soft tissue

A

gangrene

100
Q

protrusion of nay organ through the structure that normally contains it

A

hernia

101
Q

body defense against injury, infection, or allergy marked by redness, swelling, heat, pain, or loss of function

A

inflammation

102
Q

any fungal infection in or on the body

A

mycosis

103
Q

hole that completely penetrates a structure

A

perforation

104
Q

inflammation of the peritoneum

A

peritonitis

105
Q

sudden breaking or bursting of a structure or organ

A

rupture

106
Q

severe bacterial infection of the tissues that spread to the blood

A

septicemia

107
Q

process of forming pus

A

suppuration

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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