Chapter 5 - Diseases and Conditions Flashcards
medical specilty concerned with diseases that directly affect the skin and sstemic diseases that manifest their effects on the skin
dermatology
physician who specializes in diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases
dermatologist
areas of tissue that have been pathologically altered by injury, wound, or infection
lesion
lesions may affect tissue over an area of definitive size
localized
lesions may affect tissue over an area widely spread throughout the body
systemic
thes lesions are the initial reaction to pathologically altered tissue and may be flat or elevated
primary skin lesions
these lesions are changes that take plac e in the primary lesion as a result of infection, scratching, trauma, or various stages of a disease
secondary skin lesions
flat, pigmented, circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter
macule (freckle, flat mole)
solid, elevated lesion less than 1 cm in diameter that may be the same color as the skin or pigmented (wart, pimple, eczema)
papule
palpable, circumscribed lesion, larger and deeper that a papule (nevus, benign tumor)
nodule
solid, elevated lesion larger than 2 cm in diameter that extends into the dermal and subcutaneous layers (lipoma, steatoma)
tumor
elevated, firm, rounded lesion with localized skin edema (swelling) that varies in size, shape, and color, paler in the center than its surrounding edges (hives, insect bites)
wheal
elevated, circumscribed, fluid-filled lesion less than 0.5 cm (poison ivy, chicken pox)
vesicle
small, raised, circumscribed lesion that contains pus (acne)
pustule
vesicle or blister larger than 1 cm (severe poison oak/ivy)
bulla
linear scratch marks or traumatized abrasions of the epidermis (scratches, burns)
excoriations
small slit of cracklike sore that extends into the dermal layer, could be caused on inflammation and drying
fissure
an open sore or lesion that extends to the dermis and usually heals with scarring (pressure sore)
ulcer
macule, papule, nodule, tumor, wheal, vesicle, pustule, and bulla are examples of `
primary lesions
excoriations, fissures, and ulcers are examples of
secondary lesions
tissue injuries caused by contact with thermal, chemical, electrical, or radioactive agents
burn
least serious type of burn because they injure only the op layers of the skin, caused by contact with dry or moist heat (thermal burn), too much sun (sunburn, or exposure to chemicals (chemical burn)
first-degree (superficial) burn
first-degree burns can cause skin redness (______) and acute sensitivity to sensory stimuli as touch, heat, or cold (_____)
erythema, hyperesthesia
burns that damage the epidermis and part of the dermis, caused by contact with flames, hot liquids, or chemcials
second-degree (partial-thickness)
second-degree burns can cause fluid-filled blisters (______ or ______)to appear
vesicles or bullae
burn where the epidermis and dermis are destroyed, and some of the underlying connective tissue is damaged, leaving the skin waxy and charred with intensity to touch, caused by corrosive chemicals, flames, electricity, hot objects, hot water, clothing catches fire.
third-degree (full-thickness) burns
localized collection of pus at the site of an infection
abscess
inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and har follicles of the skin, blackheads, pustules, papules, nodules, and cysts
acne
partial or complete loss of har resulting from normal aging, baldness
alopecia
very early form of skin cancer, red, scaly patch of skin
bowen disease
diffuse, acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
cellulitis
pigmentary disease discoloration usually occuring in yellowish-brown patches of spots
chloasma
typical small skin lesion of acne vulgaris caused by the accumulation of keratin, bacteria, and dried sebum plugging an excretory duct of the skin
comedo
inflammation, sore, or skin deterioration caused by prolonged pressure from lying in one position that prevents blood flow to the tissues, pressure ulcer
decubitus ulcer
skin discoloration consisting of a large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area colors changes from a bluish black to greenish brown or yellow, called a bruise
ecchymosis
a chronic inflammatory skin condition
eczema
redness of the skin caused by swelling of the capillaries
erythema
dead matter that sloughed off from the surface of the skin
eschar
bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture
impetigo
thickened area of the epidermis or any horny growth on the skin (callus or wart)
keratosis
small brown macules, especially on the far and arms, brought on by sun exposure
lentigo
unnatural paleness or absence of color in the skin
pallor
infestation with lice
pediculosis
minute, pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin
petechia
intense itching
pruritus
chronic skin disease characterized by itchy red patches converted by thick, dry, silvery scales and caused by excessive development of the basal layer
psoriasis
any of several bleeding disorders characterized by hemorrhage into the tissues, particularly beneath the skin of mucous membranes
purpura
contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite, commonly through sexual contact
scabies
fungal infection whose name commonly indicates the body part affected, called ringworm
tinea
allergic reaction of the skin characterized by the eruption of pale red, elevated patches called wheels or hives
urticaria
epidermal growth caused by a virus, known as wars
verruca
localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by mild-white patches
vitligo
