Chapter 6: Key Terms

Question 1

Categorical logic

Answer 1

A form of logic whose focus is categorical statements, which make assertions about categories, or classes, of things.

Question 2

Categorical statement

Answer 2

A statement or claim that makes a simple assertion about categories, or classes, of things.

Question 3

Copula

Answer 3

One of four components of a standard-form categorical statement; a linking verb - either “are” or “are not” - that joins the subject term and the predicate term

Question 4

Predicate term

Answer 4

The second class, or group, named in a standard-form categorical statement.

Question 5

Quality

Answer 5

A characteristic of a categorical statement, determined by whether the statement affirms or denies that a class is entirely or partly included in another class. A categorical statement that affirms is said to be affirmative in quality; one that denies is said to be negative in quality.

Question 6

Quantifier

Answer 6

In categorical statements, a word used to indicate the number of things with specified characteristics. The acceptable quantifiers al
“all, no, some.” The quantifier
“all” or “no” in front of a categorical statement tell us it’s UNIVERSAL - it applies to every member of a class. The quantifier “some” at the beginning of a categorical statement says that the statement is PARTICULAR - it applies to some but not all members of a class.

Question 7

Quantity

Answer 7

In categorical statements, the attribute of number, specified by the words “all, no, some.”

Question 8

Singular statements

Answer 8

In categorical logic, statements that assert something about a single person or thing, including objects, places, and times.

Question 9

Standard-form categorical statement

Answer 9

In categorical logic, a categorical statement that takes one of these four forms:

1. All S are P.
   (All cats are carnivores.)
2. No S are P.
   (No cats are carnivores.)
3. Some S are P.
4. Some S are not P.

Question 10

Subject term

Answer 10

The first class, or group, named in standard-form categorical statement.

Question 11

Venn diagrams

Answer 11

Diagrams consisting of overlapping circles that represent graphically the relationships between subject and predicate terms in categorical statements.