CHAPTER 6 JEPPESEN KNOWLEDGE TEST GUIDE Flashcards
WHAT CAUSES VARIATION IN ALTIMETER SETTINGS BETWEEN WEATHER REPORTING PONTS
UNEQUAL HEATING OF THE EARTH’S SURFACE
THE WIND AT 5,000 FEET AGL IS SOUTHWESTERLY, WHILE THE SURFACE WIND IS SOUTHERLY. THIS IS DIFFERENCE IN DIRECTION IS PRIMARILY DUE TO
FRICTION BETWEEN THE WIND AND THE EARTH’S SURFACE
CONVECTIVE CIRCULATION PATTERNS ASSOCIATED WITH SEA BREEZES ARE CAUSED BY
COOL, DENSE AIR MOVING INLAND FROM OVER THE WATER
EVERY PHYSICAL PROCESS OF WEATHER IS ACCOMPANIED BY OR IS THE RESULT OF A
HEAT EXCHANGE
WHEN THERE IS A TEMPERATURE INVERSION, YOU WOULD EXPECT TO EXPERIENCE
AN INCREASE IN TEMPERATURE AS ALTITUDE INCREASES
THE MOST FREQUENT TYPE OF GROUND OR SURFACE-BASED TEMPERATURE INVERSION IS THAT WHICH IS PRODUCED BY
TERRESTRIAL RADIATION ON A CLEAR RELATIVELY STILL NIGHT
WHICH WEATHER CONDITIONS SHOULD BE EXPECTED BENEATH A LOW-LEVEL TEMPERATURE INVERSION LAYER WHEN THE RELATIVE HUMIDITY IS HIGH?
SMOOTH AIR, POOR VISIBILITY, FOG HAZE OR LOW CLOUDS
WHAT IS MEANT BY DEWPOINT
THE TEMPERATURE TO WHICH AIR MUST BE COOLED TO BECOME SATURATED
THE AMOUNT OF WATER VAPOR WHICH AIR CAN HOLD DEPENDS ON THE
AIR TEMPERATURE
CLOUDS, FOG, OR DEW WILL ALWAYS FORM WHEN
WATER VAPOR CONDENSES
WHAT ARE THE PROCESSES BY WHICH MOISTURE IS ADDED TO UNSATURATED AIR
EVAPORATION AND SUBLIMATION
WHICH CONDITIONS RESULT IN THE FORMATION OF FROST
THE TEMPERATURE OF THE COLLECTING SURFACE IS AT OR BELOW THE DEWPOINT OF THE ADJACENT AIR, AND THE DEWPOINT IS BELOW FREEZING
THE PRESENCE OF ICE PELLETS AT THE SURFACE IS EVIDENCE THAT THERE
IS A TEMPERATURE INVERSION WITH FREEZING RAIN AT HIGHER ALTITUDES
WHAT MEASUREMENT CAN BE USED TO DETERMINE THE STABILITY OF THE ATMOSPHERE
ACTUAL LAPSE RATE
WHAT WOULD DECREASE THE STABILITY OF AN AIR MASS
WARMING FROM BELOW
WHAT IS A CHARACTERISTIC OF STABLE AIR
STRATIFORM CLOUDS
WHEN WARM
MOIST AIR FLOWS UPSLOPE, IT
PRODUCES STRATUS TYPE CLOUDS
IF AN UNSTABLE AIR MASS IS FORCED UPWARD, WHAT TYPE CLOUDS CAN BE EXPECTED
CLOUDS WITH CONSIDERABLE VERTICAL DEVELOPMENT AND ASSOCIATED TURBULENCE
WHAT FEATURE IS ASSOCIATED WITH A TEMPERATURE INVERSION
A STABLE LAYER OF AIR
WHAT IS THE APPROXIMATE BASE OF THE CUMULUS CLOUDS IF THE SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURE AI 1,000’ MSL IS 70 DEG F AND THE DEWPOINT IS 48 DEG F
6,000’ MSL
- TEMP AND DEWPOINT CONVERGE @ 4.4DEG F / 1,000 ‘
- ESTIMATE THE CLOUD BASE BY …..
(70 DEG F - 48 DEG F) / 4.4 DEG F X 1000’ = 5,000’
BECAUSE THE SURFACE IS 1,000’ + 5,000 = 6,000’
AT APPROXIMATELY WHAT ALTITUDE ABOVE THE SURFACE WOULD THE PILOT EXPECT THE BASE OF CUMULIFORM CLOUDS IF THE SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURE IS 82 DEG F AND THE DEWPOINT IS 38 DEG F
10,000 MSL
TEMP AND DEWPOINT CONVERGE @ 4.4 DEF F / 1,000’
(82 DEG F - 38 DEG F) / 4.4 DEG F X 1000’ = 10,000’
WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A MOIST, UNSTABLE AIR MASS?
CUMULIFORM CLOUDS AND SHOWERY PRECIPITATION
WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF UNSTABLE AIR
TURBULENCE AND GOOD SURFACE VISIBILITY
A STABLE AIR MASS IS MOST LIKELY TO HAVE WHICH CHARACTERISTIC
SMOOTH AIR
THE SUFFIX “NIMBUS” USED IN NAMING CLOUDS MEANS
A RAIN CLOUD
CLOUDS ARE DIVIDED INTO FOUR FAMILIES ACCORDING TO THEIR
HEIGHT RANGE
ONE OF THE MOST EASILY RECOGNIZD DISCONTINUITIES ACROSS A FRONT IS
A CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE
ONE WEATHER PHENOMENON THAT ALWAYS OCCURS WHEN FLYING ACROSS A FRONT IS A CHANGE IN THE
WIND DIRECTION
STEADY PRECIPITATION PRECEEDING A FRONT IS AN INDICATION OF
STRATIFORM CLOUDS WITH LITTTLE OR NO TURBULANCE
WHAT SITUATION IS MOST CONDUCIVE TO THE FORMATION OF RADIATION FOG
WARM, MOIST AIR OVER LOW, FLATLAND AREAS ON CLEAR CALM NIGHTS
IF THE TEMPERATURE/ DEWPOINT SPREAD IS SMALL AND DECREASING, AND THE TEMPERATURE IS 62 DEG F, WHAT TYPE OF WEATHER IS MOST LIKELY TO DEVELOP
FOG OR LOW CLOUDS
IN WHICH SITUATION IS ADVECTION FOG MOST LIKELY TO FORM
AN AIRMASS MOVING INLAND FROM THE COAST DURING WINTER
WHAT TYPES OF FOG DEPEND UPON WIND TO EXIST
ADVECTION FOG / UPSLOPE FOG
“A.U. FOG”
LOW LEVEL TURBULANCE CAN OCCUR AND ICING CAN BECOME HAZARDOUS IN WHICH TYPE OF FOG
STEAM FOG
AN ALMOND OR LENS-SHAPED CLOUD THAT APPEARS STATIONARY, BUT CAN CONTAIN WINDS OF 50 KTS OR MORE IS REFERRED TO
LENTICULAR CLOUD
THE CRESTS OF STANDING MOUTAIN WAVES MAY BE MARKED BY STATIONARY, LENS SHAPED CLOUDS KNOWN AS
STANDING LENTICUALR CLOUDS
WHAT CLOUDS HAVE THE GREATEST TURBULANCE
CUMULONIMBUS CLOUDS
WHAT CLOUD TYPES WOULD INDICATE CONVECTIVE TURBULANCE
TOWERING CUMULUS CLOUDS
POSSIBLE MOUTAIN WAVE TURBULENCE COULD BE ANTICIPATED WHEN WINDS OF 40 KNOTS OR GREATER BLOW
ACROSS A MOUTAIN RIDGE, AND THE AIR IS STABLE
“MOUTAIN RIDGE TURBULANCE STABLE”
WHERE DOES WIND SHEAR COME FROM
AT ALL ALTITUDES, IN ALL DIRECTIONS
WHEN MAY HAZARDOUS WINDSHEAR BE EXPECTED
IN AREAS OF LOW LEVEL TEMPERATURE INVERSION, FRONTAL ZONES, AND CLEAR AIR TURBULANCE
A PILOT CAN EXPECT A WIND SHEAR ZONE IN A TEMPERATURE INVERSION WHENEVER THE WIND SPEEED AT 2,000’ TO 4,000 ABOVE THE SURFACE IS AT LEAST
25 KNOTS
ONE FLIGHT CONDITION NECESSARY FOR STRUCTURAL ICING TO FORM IS
VISABLE MOISTURE
IN WHICH ENVIRONMET IS AIRCRAFT STRUCTURAL ICE MOST LIKELY TO HAVE THE HIGHEST ACCUMULATION RATE?
FREEZING RAIN
WHY IS FROST CONSIDERED HAZARDOUS TO FLIGHT
FROST SPOILS THE SMOOTH AIR FLOW OF AIR OVER THE WINGS, THEREBY DECREASING LLIFTING CAPABILITY
HOW DOES FROST AFFECT THE LIFTING SURFACES OF AN AIRPLANE ON TAKEOFF
FROST MAY PREVENT THE AIRPLANE FROM BECOMING AIRBORNE AT A NORMAL TAKEOFF SPEED
THE CONDITIONS NECESSARY FOR THE FORMATION OF CUMULONIMBUS CLOUDS ARE LIFTING ACTION AND
UNSTABLE, MOIST AIR
HOW DOES FROST ON THE WINGS OF AN AIRPLANE AFFECT TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE
FROST DISRUPTS THE SMOOTH FLOW OF AIR OVER THE WING, ADVERSELY AFFECTING ITS LIFTING CAPACITY
WHAT FEATURE IS NORMALLY ASOCIATED WITH THE CUMULUS STAGE OF A THUNDERSTORM
CONTINUOUS UPDRAFTS
THE MATURE STAGE OF A THUNDERSTORM BEGINS WITH
THE START OF PRECIPITATION
WHAT CONDITIONS ARE NECESSARY FOR THE FORMATION OF THUNDERSTORMS
HIGH HUMIDITY
LIFTING FORCE
UNSTABLE CONDITIONS
DURING THE LIFE CYCLE OF A THUNDERSTORM, WHICH STAGE IS CHARACHTERIZED PREDOMINANTLY BY DOWNDRAFTS
DISSIPATING
THUNDERSTORMS REACH THEIR GREATEST INTENSITY DURING THE
MATURE STAGE
THUNDERSTORMS THAT GENERALLY PRODUCE THE MOST INTENSE HAZARD TO AIRCRAFT ARE
SQUALL LINE THUNDERSTORMS
A NONFRONTAL, NARROW BAND OF ACTIVE THUNDERSTORMS THAT OFTEN DEVELOP AHEAD OF A COLD FRONTIS KNOWN AS
SQUALL LINE
IF THUNDERSTORM ACTIVITY IS IN THE VICINITY OF AN AIRPORT AT WHICH YOU PLAN TO LAND, WHICH HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENON MIGHT BE EXPECTED ON THE LANDING APPROACH
WIND SHEAR TURBULENCE
UPON ENCOUNTERING SEVERE TURBULENCE, WHICH FLIGHT CONDITIONS SHOULD THE PILOT ATTEMPT TO MAINTAIN
LEVEL FLIGHT ATTITUDE
WHICH WEATHER PHENOMENOM IS ALWAYS ASSOCIATED WITH A THUNDERSTORM
LIGHTNING
WING TIP VORTICIES ARE CREATED ONLY WHEN AN AIRCAFT IS
DEVELOPING LIFT
THE GREATEST VORTEX STRENGTH OCCURS WHEN THE GENERATING AIRCRAFT IS
HEAVY
CLEAN
SLOW
WING TIP VORTICES CREATED BY LARGE AIRCRAFT TEND TO
SINK BELOW THE AIRCRAFT GENERATING TURBULENCE
WHEN TAKING OFF OR LANDING AT AN AIRPORT WHERE HEAVY AIRCRAFT ARE OPERATING, PILOTS SHOULD BE ALERT TO THE HAZARDS OF WINGTIP VORTICES BECAUSE THIS TURBULENCE TENDS TO
SINK INTO THE PATH OF AIRCRAFT OPERATING BELOW THE AIRCRAFT GENERATING TURBULENCE
THE WIND CONDITION THAT REQUIRES MAXIMUM CAUTION WHEN AVOIDING WAKE TURBULENCE ON LANDING IS
LIGHT QUATERING TAILWIND
WHN LANDING BEHIND A LARGE AIRCRAFT, THE PILOT SHOULD AVOID WAKE TURBULENCE BY STAYING
ABOVE THE LARGE AIRCRAFTS FINAL APPROACH PATH AND LANDING BEYOND THE LARGE AIRCRAFT TOUCHDOWN POINT
WHEN DEPARTING BEHIND A HEAVY AIRCRAFT, THE PILOT SHOULD AVOID WAKE TURBULANCE BY MANUEVERING THE AIRCRAFT
ABOVE AND UPWIND OF THE HEAVY AIRCRAFT
WHEN LANDING BEHIND A LARGE AIRCRAFT, WHICH PROCEDURE SHOULD BE FOLLOWED FOR VORTEX AVOIDANCE
STAY ABOVE ITS FINAL APPROACH FLIGHT PATH ALL THE WAY TO TOUCHDOWN
HOW DOES THE WAKE TURBULANCE VORTEX CIRCULATE AROUND EACH WING TIP
OUTWARD, UPWARD AND AROUND EACH WING TIP
