CHAPTER 6 JEPPESEN KNOWLEDGE TEST GUIDE Flashcards by Steven Verdinelli

WHAT CAUSES VARIATION IN ALTIMETER SETTINGS BETWEEN WEATHER REPORTING PONTS

UNEQUAL HEATING OF THE EARTH’S SURFACE

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THE WIND AT 5,000 FEET AGL IS SOUTHWESTERLY, WHILE THE SURFACE WIND IS SOUTHERLY. THIS IS DIFFERENCE IN DIRECTION IS PRIMARILY DUE TO

FRICTION BETWEEN THE WIND AND THE EARTH’S SURFACE

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CONVECTIVE CIRCULATION PATTERNS ASSOCIATED WITH SEA BREEZES ARE CAUSED BY

COOL, DENSE AIR MOVING INLAND FROM OVER THE WATER

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EVERY PHYSICAL PROCESS OF WEATHER IS ACCOMPANIED BY OR IS THE RESULT OF A

HEAT EXCHANGE

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WHEN THERE IS A TEMPERATURE INVERSION, YOU WOULD EXPECT TO EXPERIENCE

AN INCREASE IN TEMPERATURE AS ALTITUDE INCREASES

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THE MOST FREQUENT TYPE OF GROUND OR SURFACE-BASED TEMPERATURE INVERSION IS THAT WHICH IS PRODUCED BY

TERRESTRIAL RADIATION ON A CLEAR RELATIVELY STILL NIGHT

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WHICH WEATHER CONDITIONS SHOULD BE EXPECTED BENEATH A LOW-LEVEL TEMPERATURE INVERSION LAYER WHEN THE RELATIVE HUMIDITY IS HIGH?

SMOOTH AIR, POOR VISIBILITY, FOG HAZE OR LOW CLOUDS

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WHAT IS MEANT BY DEWPOINT

THE TEMPERATURE TO WHICH AIR MUST BE COOLED TO BECOME SATURATED

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THE AMOUNT OF WATER VAPOR WHICH AIR CAN HOLD DEPENDS ON THE

AIR TEMPERATURE

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CLOUDS, FOG, OR DEW WILL ALWAYS FORM WHEN

WATER VAPOR CONDENSES

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WHAT ARE THE PROCESSES BY WHICH MOISTURE IS ADDED TO UNSATURATED AIR

EVAPORATION AND SUBLIMATION

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WHICH CONDITIONS RESULT IN THE FORMATION OF FROST

THE TEMPERATURE OF THE COLLECTING SURFACE IS AT OR BELOW THE DEWPOINT OF THE ADJACENT AIR, AND THE DEWPOINT IS BELOW FREEZING

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THE PRESENCE OF ICE PELLETS AT THE SURFACE IS EVIDENCE THAT THERE

IS A TEMPERATURE INVERSION WITH FREEZING RAIN AT HIGHER ALTITUDES

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WHAT MEASUREMENT CAN BE USED TO DETERMINE THE STABILITY OF THE ATMOSPHERE

ACTUAL LAPSE RATE

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WHAT WOULD DECREASE THE STABILITY OF AN AIR MASS

WARMING FROM BELOW

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WHAT IS A CHARACTERISTIC OF STABLE AIR

STRATIFORM CLOUDS

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WHEN WARM
MOIST AIR FLOWS UPSLOPE, IT

PRODUCES STRATUS TYPE CLOUDS

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IF AN UNSTABLE AIR MASS IS FORCED UPWARD, WHAT TYPE CLOUDS CAN BE EXPECTED

CLOUDS WITH CONSIDERABLE VERTICAL DEVELOPMENT AND ASSOCIATED TURBULENCE

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WHAT FEATURE IS ASSOCIATED WITH A TEMPERATURE INVERSION

A STABLE LAYER OF AIR

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WHAT IS THE APPROXIMATE BASE OF THE CUMULUS CLOUDS IF THE SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURE AI 1,000’ MSL IS 70 DEG F AND THE DEWPOINT IS 48 DEG F

6,000’ MSL
- TEMP AND DEWPOINT CONVERGE @ 4.4DEG F / 1,000 ‘
- ESTIMATE THE CLOUD BASE BY …..
(70 DEG F - 48 DEG F) / 4.4 DEG F X 1000’ = 5,000’
BECAUSE THE SURFACE IS 1,000’ + 5,000 = 6,000’

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AT APPROXIMATELY WHAT ALTITUDE ABOVE THE SURFACE WOULD THE PILOT EXPECT THE BASE OF CUMULIFORM CLOUDS IF THE SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURE IS 82 DEG F AND THE DEWPOINT IS 38 DEG F

10,000 MSL
TEMP AND DEWPOINT CONVERGE @ 4.4 DEF F / 1,000’
(82 DEG F - 38 DEG F) / 4.4 DEG F X 1000’ = 10,000’

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WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A MOIST, UNSTABLE AIR MASS?

CUMULIFORM CLOUDS AND SHOWERY PRECIPITATION

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WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF UNSTABLE AIR

TURBULENCE AND GOOD SURFACE VISIBILITY

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A STABLE AIR MASS IS MOST LIKELY TO HAVE WHICH CHARACTERISTIC

SMOOTH AIR

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THE SUFFIX "NIMBUS" USED IN NAMING CLOUDS MEANS

A RAIN CLOUD

CLOUDS ARE DIVIDED INTO FOUR FAMILIES ACCORDING TO THEIR

HEIGHT RANGE

ONE OF THE MOST EASILY RECOGNIZD DISCONTINUITIES ACROSS A FRONT IS

A CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE

ONE WEATHER PHENOMENON THAT ALWAYS OCCURS WHEN FLYING ACROSS A FRONT IS A CHANGE IN THE

WIND DIRECTION

STEADY PRECIPITATION PRECEEDING A FRONT IS AN INDICATION OF

STRATIFORM CLOUDS WITH LITTTLE OR NO TURBULANCE

WHAT SITUATION IS MOST CONDUCIVE TO THE FORMATION OF RADIATION FOG

WARM, MOIST AIR OVER LOW, FLATLAND AREAS ON CLEAR CALM NIGHTS

IF THE TEMPERATURE/ DEWPOINT SPREAD IS SMALL AND DECREASING, AND THE TEMPERATURE IS 62 DEG F, WHAT TYPE OF WEATHER IS MOST LIKELY TO DEVELOP

FOG OR LOW CLOUDS

IN WHICH SITUATION IS ADVECTION FOG MOST LIKELY TO FORM

AN AIRMASS MOVING INLAND FROM THE COAST DURING WINTER

WHAT TYPES OF FOG DEPEND UPON WIND TO EXIST

ADVECTION FOG / UPSLOPE FOG "A.U. FOG"

LOW LEVEL TURBULANCE CAN OCCUR AND ICING CAN BECOME HAZARDOUS IN WHICH TYPE OF FOG

STEAM FOG

AN ALMOND OR LENS-SHAPED CLOUD THAT APPEARS STATIONARY, BUT CAN CONTAIN WINDS OF 50 KTS OR MORE IS REFERRED TO

LENTICULAR CLOUD

THE CRESTS OF STANDING MOUTAIN WAVES MAY BE MARKED BY STATIONARY, LENS SHAPED CLOUDS KNOWN AS

STANDING LENTICUALR CLOUDS

WHAT CLOUDS HAVE THE GREATEST TURBULANCE

CUMULONIMBUS CLOUDS

WHAT CLOUD TYPES WOULD INDICATE CONVECTIVE TURBULANCE

TOWERING CUMULUS CLOUDS

POSSIBLE MOUTAIN WAVE TURBULENCE COULD BE ANTICIPATED WHEN WINDS OF 40 KNOTS OR GREATER BLOW

ACROSS A MOUTAIN RIDGE, AND THE AIR IS STABLE "MOUTAIN RIDGE TURBULANCE STABLE"

WHERE DOES WIND SHEAR COME FROM

AT ALL ALTITUDES, IN ALL DIRECTIONS

WHEN MAY HAZARDOUS WINDSHEAR BE EXPECTED

IN AREAS OF LOW LEVEL TEMPERATURE INVERSION, FRONTAL ZONES, AND CLEAR AIR TURBULANCE

A PILOT CAN EXPECT A WIND SHEAR ZONE IN A TEMPERATURE INVERSION WHENEVER THE WIND SPEEED AT 2,000' TO 4,000 ABOVE THE SURFACE IS AT LEAST

25 KNOTS

ONE FLIGHT CONDITION NECESSARY FOR STRUCTURAL ICING TO FORM IS

VISABLE MOISTURE

IN WHICH ENVIRONMET IS AIRCRAFT STRUCTURAL ICE MOST LIKELY TO HAVE THE HIGHEST ACCUMULATION RATE?

FREEZING RAIN

WHY IS FROST CONSIDERED HAZARDOUS TO FLIGHT

FROST SPOILS THE SMOOTH AIR FLOW OF AIR OVER THE WINGS, THEREBY DECREASING LLIFTING CAPABILITY

HOW DOES FROST AFFECT THE LIFTING SURFACES OF AN AIRPLANE ON TAKEOFF

FROST MAY PREVENT THE AIRPLANE FROM BECOMING AIRBORNE AT A NORMAL TAKEOFF SPEED

THE CONDITIONS NECESSARY FOR THE FORMATION OF CUMULONIMBUS CLOUDS ARE LIFTING ACTION AND

UNSTABLE, MOIST AIR

HOW DOES FROST ON THE WINGS OF AN AIRPLANE AFFECT TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE

FROST DISRUPTS THE SMOOTH FLOW OF AIR OVER THE WING, ADVERSELY AFFECTING ITS LIFTING CAPACITY

WHAT FEATURE IS NORMALLY ASOCIATED WITH THE CUMULUS STAGE OF A THUNDERSTORM

CONTINUOUS UPDRAFTS

THE MATURE STAGE OF A THUNDERSTORM BEGINS WITH

THE START OF PRECIPITATION

WHAT CONDITIONS ARE NECESSARY FOR THE FORMATION OF THUNDERSTORMS

HIGH HUMIDITY LIFTING FORCE UNSTABLE CONDITIONS

DURING THE LIFE CYCLE OF A THUNDERSTORM, WHICH STAGE IS CHARACHTERIZED PREDOMINANTLY BY DOWNDRAFTS

DISSIPATING

THUNDERSTORMS REACH THEIR GREATEST INTENSITY DURING THE

MATURE STAGE

THUNDERSTORMS THAT GENERALLY PRODUCE THE MOST INTENSE HAZARD TO AIRCRAFT ARE

SQUALL LINE THUNDERSTORMS

A NONFRONTAL, NARROW BAND OF ACTIVE THUNDERSTORMS THAT OFTEN DEVELOP AHEAD OF A COLD FRONTIS KNOWN AS

SQUALL LINE

IF THUNDERSTORM ACTIVITY IS IN THE VICINITY OF AN AIRPORT AT WHICH YOU PLAN TO LAND, WHICH HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENON MIGHT BE EXPECTED ON THE LANDING APPROACH

WIND SHEAR TURBULENCE

UPON ENCOUNTERING SEVERE TURBULENCE, WHICH FLIGHT CONDITIONS SHOULD THE PILOT ATTEMPT TO MAINTAIN

LEVEL FLIGHT ATTITUDE

WHICH WEATHER PHENOMENOM IS ALWAYS ASSOCIATED WITH A THUNDERSTORM

LIGHTNING

WING TIP VORTICIES ARE CREATED ONLY WHEN AN AIRCAFT IS

DEVELOPING LIFT

THE GREATEST VORTEX STRENGTH OCCURS WHEN THE GENERATING AIRCRAFT IS

HEAVY CLEAN SLOW

WING TIP VORTICES CREATED BY LARGE AIRCRAFT TEND TO

SINK BELOW THE AIRCRAFT GENERATING TURBULENCE

WHEN TAKING OFF OR LANDING AT AN AIRPORT WHERE HEAVY AIRCRAFT ARE OPERATING, PILOTS SHOULD BE ALERT TO THE HAZARDS OF WINGTIP VORTICES BECAUSE THIS TURBULENCE TENDS TO

SINK INTO THE PATH OF AIRCRAFT OPERATING BELOW THE AIRCRAFT GENERATING TURBULENCE

THE WIND CONDITION THAT REQUIRES MAXIMUM CAUTION WHEN AVOIDING WAKE TURBULENCE ON LANDING IS

LIGHT QUATERING TAILWIND

WHN LANDING BEHIND A LARGE AIRCRAFT, THE PILOT SHOULD AVOID WAKE TURBULENCE BY STAYING

ABOVE THE LARGE AIRCRAFTS FINAL APPROACH PATH AND LANDING BEYOND THE LARGE AIRCRAFT TOUCHDOWN POINT

WHEN DEPARTING BEHIND A HEAVY AIRCRAFT, THE PILOT SHOULD AVOID WAKE TURBULANCE BY MANUEVERING THE AIRCRAFT

ABOVE AND UPWIND OF THE HEAVY AIRCRAFT

WHEN LANDING BEHIND A LARGE AIRCRAFT, WHICH PROCEDURE SHOULD BE FOLLOWED FOR VORTEX AVOIDANCE

STAY ABOVE ITS FINAL APPROACH FLIGHT PATH ALL THE WAY TO TOUCHDOWN

HOW DOES THE WAKE TURBULANCE VORTEX CIRCULATE AROUND EACH WING TIP

OUTWARD, UPWARD AND AROUND EACH WING TIP