Chapter 6: Individual Differences and Prejudice

Question 1

List:

Characteristics of non-prejudice people

5 points

Answer 1

• high on both equality of opportunity and equality of outcome
• complex social identities
• broad scope of moral inclusion
• feel comfortable around other groups, are curious about them
• possible less likely to form negative associations with out groups

Question 2

List:

Individual factors that predict prejudice

3 points

Answer 2

• Personal values
• Value orientations
• Perceived value differences

Question 3

Define:

Personal Values

Answer 3

Values/ beliefs that people hold concerning the relative importance of goals they aspire to achieve in life and outcomes they should avoid

Question 4

List:

Value orientations

2 points

Answer 4

• Individualism
• Egalitarianism

Question 5

Define:

Individualism

Answer 5

strong emphasis on self- reliance and independence from others

Question 6

Define:

Egalitarianism

Answer 6

strong emphasis on the principles of equal opportunity, equal treatment for all people and concern for others well being

Question 7

Define:

Equal opportunity

Answer 7

the idea that people should be able to compete on a level playing field

Question 7

Define:

equality of outcome

Answer 7

the government should make it so everyone regardless of personal resources shovel receive an equal (reasonable) share of society resources

Question 8

Define

Perceived value differences

Answer 8

idea that prejudice is based in part on the perception that outgroups’ value systems differ from one’s own

Question 9

What is:

the attribution value model

2 points

Answer 9

• prejudice begins with perception that members of minority groups have characteristics contrary to majority group values
• prejudice results when groups are perceived to be responsible for their negative characteristics

Question 10

List:

social ideologies

3 points

Answer 10

• authoritarianism
• right wing authoritarianism
• social dominance orientation

Question 11

Define:

Authoritarianism

social ideology

Answer 11

attempt to explain why large numbers of people follow the orders of their government

Adorno et al 1950 (authoritarian personality)

Question 12

List:

Charactersitics of Authoritarianism

3 points

Answer 12

• conventionilism
• reverence of authority
• desire to punish those who do not follow the rules

Question 13

List:

parts of authoritarianism

3 points

Answer 13

• Authoritarian submission
• Authoritarian aggression
• Conventionalism

Question 14

Define:

Authoritarian submission

Answer 14

high degree of submission to authorites who are percieved to be established and legitimate

Question 15

Define:

Authoritarian aggression

Answer 15

general aggressiveness, directed against various persons that is percieved to be sanctioned by established authorities

Question 16

Define:

Authoritarian aggression

Answer 16

general aggressiveness, directed agaisnt various persons that is percieved to be sanctioned by established authorities

Question 17

define:

Conventionalism

Answer 17

high degree of adherence to the social conventions that are percieved to be endorsed by society and its established authorities

Question 18

Define:

Social Dominance Orientation

Answer 18

extent to which one desires that ones in group dominates and is superior to outgroups

Question 19

List:

parts of social dominance orientation

Answer 19

• group based dominance
• opposition to equality

Question 20

Define:

group based dominance

2 points

Answer 20

• ideal society requires some groups to be on top and some on bottom
• some groups of people are simply inferior to others

Question 21

Define:

Oppositon to equality

Answer 21

it is unjust to try to make groups equal