chapter 3: social categorization and stereotypes

Question 1

controlled thinking

Answer 1

conscious
system 2: rational fast binding, rule based system that squires new memories quickly

Question 2

automatic thinking

Answer 2

unintentional, uncontrollable stimulus driven

system 1: hollisitc rapid, effortless, parallel, affective associative crude slow learning

Question 3

def: priming

Answer 3

certain idea can activate things in our minds

Question 4

def: social categorization

Answer 4

simplifying the environment by creating categories based on observable characteristics that a particular set of ppl appear to have in common

people decouple beliefs about members of those groups

beliefs become the content of their stereotypes and often guide future interactions w/ individual social group members

Question 5

def: intersectionality

Answer 5

members of multiple basic social categories simultaneously

Question 6

claudia cohens (1981) experiment

Answer 6

female target talks about hobbies script designed to fit with librarian/waitress

Question 7

bottom up processing

Answer 7

based on observable characteristics of the people we encounter

Question 8

top down processing

Answer 8

based on prior knowledge stored in memory and their expectation about interactions

Question 9

minimal group paradigm

Answer 9

in-groups and outgroup members can be created from the most minimal conditions

Question 10

outgroup homogeneity effect

Answer 10

people believe out group members have similar traits and occupy similar social roles, and so members of out group all look alike

Question 11

cross-racial identification bais

Answer 11

people of other races all look alike to most perceivers

Question 12

illusory correlations

Answer 12

beliefs that incorrectly link 2 characteristics such as race and personality trait

Question 13

stereotype knowledge

Answer 13

info about stereotypes

Question 14

stereotype endorsement

Answer 14

believe the stereotype

Question 15

steps pf stereotype activation

Answer 15

notice characteristics of a person that indicates a person’s membership in social category

observer categorizes the person on the basis of those characteristics

Categorization activates stereotype associate with category

stereotype is applied unless the person is both motivated and able to inhibit the stereotype

Question 16

Stereotype activation

Answer 16

extent to which a stereotype is accessible in ones mind

not always activated just because it exists in your mind

Question 17

stereotype application

Answer 17

the extent to which one uses a stereotype to judge members of the group

Question 18

when are stereotypes most likely to be activated

Answer 18

when interacting with strangers

Question 19

factors that affect automatic stereotype application

Answer 19

prototypically
situational context
prejudice
cognitive busyness

Question 20

prototypically

Answer 20

extent to which a member of a social group or category fits the observer’s concept of essential features characteristic of that social group

Question 21

situational context

Answer 21

specific context can affect the interpretation of what another person is like

Question 22

prejudice

Answer 22

more prejudiced someone is the more likely they are to be activated

Question 23

cognitive busyness

Answer 23

people are busy with one mental task stereotype activation is affected

Question 24

motives that affect stereotype activation

Answer 24

comprehension goals

self enhancement goals

social adjustment goals

motivation to control prejudice

Question 25

comprehension goals

Answer 25

people need to form accurate impressions of people (job interviewer)

Question 26

self enhancement goals

Answer 26

people need to see themselves in a positive light

Question 27

social adjustment goals

Answer 27

people want to fit into situations and adhere to behavioral norms

Question 28

motivation to control prejudice

Answer 28

not wanting to be or appear prejudice less stereotype activation

Question 29

how long does it take for a stereotype to dissipate

Answer 29

12 minutes

Question 30

factors that affect motivation to inhibit stereotypes

Answer 30

Motivation to avoid prejudice Comprehension goals Cognitive style self protection and self enhancement goals social power

Question 31

sub typing model

Answer 31

treat group members who don't fit stereotypes as anomalies

Question 32

concentrated disconfirmation

Answer 32

an individual encounters one person who doesn't meet stereotype create new subtype

Question 33

dispersed disconfirmation

Answer 33

see trait over and over again update their stereotype

Question 34

5 D's of difference

Answer 34

distancing denial defensiveness devaluing discovery

Question 35

distancing

Answer 35

avoid situations when we feel out of place

Question 36

denial

Answer 36

refusing to accept research findings that suggest a bias against certain groups

Question 37

defensiveness

Answer 37

desire to guard against the possibility of appearing biased, unfair, or uncaring

Question 38

devaluing

Answer 38

when differences are treated as unimportant

Question 39

discovery

Answer 39

appreciating the differences between oneself and another and seeing how enriching those differences can be