Chapter #6 Hypothesis Testing

Question 1

Hypothesis

Answer 1

The use of statistical procedures to answer research questions

Question 2

Null Hypothesis

Answer 2

The assumption of no difference in a hypothesis statement

Question 3

Two types of statistical procedures?

Answer 3

Parametric and Non-Parametric

Question 4

Parametric

Answer 4

Data is assumed to come from a distrobution

Question 5

Non-Parametric

Answer 5

Data is NOT assumed to come from a distrobution

Question 6

Parametric tests are best for what data?

Answer 6

Interval and Ratio

Question 7

Non-Parametric tests are best for what data?

Answer 7

Nominal and Ordinal. BUT some limited use in all four types: Nominal Ordinal Interval and Ratio.

Question 8

ANOVA

Answer 8

Analysis of Variance
Goal: Determine if an IV has a significant affect on a DV or determine if different test conditions yield different results.

Question 9

Difference between Significant and Not Significant

Answer 9

Significant: Data is due to testing conditions
Not Significant: Data is due to chance

Question 10

statistical significance is claimed if

Answer 10

p < .05

Question 11

NOT statistical significance is claimed if

Answer 11

F > 1.0 and p> .05, or F < 1.0 and p = ns

Question 12

When do you do a posthoc test?

Answer 12

Where there are more than two conditions in a ANOVA

Question 13

Degrees of Freedom, for ANOVA

Answer 13

n = # of test conditions
m = # of participants
Effect: n-1
Residual: (n-1)(m-1)

Question 14

Post Hoc Comparison Test

Answer 14

If F is significant then at least one test condition is significantly different from another. Hence Post hoc is used to determine which differ from one another significantly

Question 15

Which Post Hoc do we use?

Answer 15

Scheffé Post Hoc

Question 16

Two Way ANOVA

Answer 16

Experiment with two independent variables

Question 17

Chi-square Test

Answer 17

Focuses on Nominal data
Compares relationships between categorical data or nominal data
Directly compares the observation data with expected data
Significant if X^2 is above critical value (There’s a chart based on alpha)
Usually alpha is .05

Question 18

Degrees of Freedom for Chi-Square Test

Answer 18

df = (r – 1)(c – 1)
r = row
c = column

Question 19

Test for Normality

Answer 19

Tests if the data follows a normal distribution

Question 20

Test for Normality, ways to do it

Answer 20

Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S)
Lilliefors

Question 21

Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S)

Answer 21

Test for normality that requires population mean and standard deviation

Question 22

Lilliefors

Answer 22

Test for normality that requires sample mean and standard deviation

M (not mean) needs to exceed the VC(critical value) for it to be significant

Question 23

Null hypothesis is rejected if

Answer 23

p< .05

Question 24

Null hypothesis is NOT rejected if

Answer 24

p > .05

Question 25

Non-parametric Tests for Ordinal Data, four type

Answer 25

Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis
Wilcoxon Signed-Rank and Friedman

Question 26

Non-parametric Tests are for what kind of data?

Answer 26

Ordinal

Question 27

Mann-Whitney U

Answer 27

Non-Parametric test

2 columns between subjects design

U, z, p

Question 28

Wilcoxon Signed-Rank

Answer 28

Non-Parametric test

2 columns within subjects design

z, p

Question 29

Kruskal Wallis

Answer 29

Non-Parametric test

3+ columns between subjects design

H, p

A Post hoc can also be done on this data

Question 30

Friedman

Answer 30

Non-Parametric test

3+ columns within subjects design

H, p

A Post hoc can also be done on this data

Question 31

Non-parametric tests can also be used on what?

Answer 31

multi-factor experiments and ratio-scale data