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Professional Orientation to Mental Health Counseling > Chapter 6: Holistic Approaches to CMHC > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Holistic Approaches to CMHC Flashcards

1
Q

What does it mean to approach counseling from a holistic perspective?

A

The counselor considers the whole person, including mental, physical, emotional, spiritual, and environmental factors.

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2
Q

What is the bio psychosocial model?

A

An approach to medicine and mental health that focuses on the multiple interrelated ways that biology, psychology, and social/cultural factors are conducive or detrimental to health and well-being.

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3
Q

What are the biological components of the BPS model, all factors which influence mental health?

A
  • physical
  • biochemical
  • genetic
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4
Q

Several neurotransmitters are known to affect mental health, including regulation, inhibition, and stability. What are they?

A
  • acetylcholine
  • seretonin
  • dopamine
  • norepinephrine
  • gamma-amino butyric acid
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5
Q

What is the role of the limbic system in the brain?

What 5 things does the limbic system affect?

A

Plays a key role in the way people feel and express emotions. (rage, fear, aggression, and sexuality.)
- It affects: memory, the way a person responds to threats, emotional expression, physical health, and well-being.

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6
Q

Stress causes emotional reactions that can include:

A
  • intense anxiety
  • an inability to concentrate
  • irritability
  • physical symptoms
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7
Q

List some buffers, techniques that can help clients cope with stress more effectively.

A
  • exercise
  • creative outlets for frustration
  • a sense of control over events or sources of stress
  • social support
  • hope that things will improve
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8
Q

What are some examples of conditions that have a genetic component?

A
  • autism
  • anxiety disorders
  • bipolar disorder
  • Parkinson’s disease
  • schizophrenia
  • ADHD
  • Tourette’s syndrome
  • alcoholism
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9
Q

List the psychological components of the BPS model.

A
  • patterns of thinking
  • coping skills
  • judgment
  • perceptions
  • emotional intelligence
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10
Q

What is emotional intellegence

A
  • the ability to perceive, understand, and express emotions.
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11
Q

List the social components of the BPS model:

A
  • family relationships
  • support systems
  • work relationships
  • cultural environment.
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12
Q

What is the purpose of the BPS model?

A

To provide health professionals with a way to assess elements of human behavior within a comprehensive whole.

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13
Q

Describe the BATHE technique. What is its purpose?

A

the BATHE technique is an approach to BPS assessment that focuses on 5 specific areas. It lays the groundwork for working collaboratively with the client to examine the systems that influence the client’s well-being.

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14
Q

List the 5 areas of the BATHE technique

A
  • Background
  • Affect
  • Trouble
  • Handling
  • Empathy
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15
Q

Religious and spiritual connections can serve as sources of ______, _______, ________, and _________, for clients.

A
  • wisdom
  • community
  • strength
  • health
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16
Q

Generally speaking, who should take the lead in discussing spiritual topics during counseling?

A
  • The client should take the lead.
17
Q

If a client presents with spirituality in the form of Buddhism, Confucianism, Islam, or Christianity, what should the counselor be sure to do?

A
  • The counselor should be respectful and work with the client to maximize the positive nature of their beliefs and their values, in connection with the difficulties the client is experiencing.
18
Q

Define mindfulness.

A

Paying attention to the here and now, in a nonjudgmental manner.

19
Q

Research shows that mindfulness can:

A
  • reduce stress
  • treat depression
  • control chronic pain
  • treat substance abuse
  • help with other disorders
20
Q

What are the 3 core building blocks of mindfulness?

A
  • intention (practicing mindfulness purposefully)
  • attention (paying attention to what is going on in the moment)
  • attitude (observing what is going on in a nonjudgmental way)
21
Q

Within the field of mental health, promoting _______ has become more prominent.

A

promoting wellness

22
Q

Research has shown that specific practices, like meditation:

A
  • promote wellness
  • cultivate positive emotions
  • increase empathy
23
Q

Explain why empathy is important in counseling.

A

Empathy is critical for developing the therapeutic alliance with the client.

24
Q

Describe the difference between health and wellness.

A

To be healthy is to be normal.

To be WELL is to optimize health.

25
Q

Wellness-based counseling has been described as salutogenic. What does salutogenic mean?

A
  • health enhancing
26
Q

What is the Wheel of Wellness?

A
  • a holistic theoretical model of wellness that was designed to illustrate characteristics associated with healthy people.
27
Q

The Wheel of Wellness consists of 5 major life tasks… what are they?

A
  • spirituality
  • self-direction
  • work and leisure
  • friendship
  • love
28
Q

What is at the center of the wheel of wellness, and is considered the most important part of it?

A

-spirituality

29
Q

What was found about the wheel of wellness?

A

statistical analysis did not support its structure

30
Q

The structure of the wheel of wellness was not supported by research. What was the empirically supported model of wellness that came after???

A
  • The Indivisible Self (IS-WEL)
31
Q

How do counselors use the Indivisible Self (IS-WEL) model??

A
  • Counselors can use the model to help clients assess personal wellness and to evaluate choices they can make to enhance their own wellness.
32
Q

Describe the IS-WEL model of wellness

A
  • A primary factor of global wellness
  • 5 secondary factors
  • 17 tertiary factors
  • 4 contextual scores
33
Q

Describe the 4 steps for using the IS-WEL model in counseling.

A
  1. Introduce the client to the wellness model
  2. Assess the client’s wellness using the Five-Factor wellness inventory.
  3. Develop a personal wellness plan
  4. Evaluation and Follow-up
34
Q

What are the 3 types of prevention? Briefly describe the goal of each.

A
  • Primary prevention: Goal- preventing occurrence of the disorder in the first place.
  • Secondary prevention: Goal- preventing disorder or progression of disorder in people who are at risk of developing a particular mental health problem.
  • Tertiary prevention: Goal- reducing the effects of an existing disorder.
35
Q

Describe the 3 broad detentions of Blooms configured equation of prevention:

A
  1. Increasing individual strengths & decreasing individual limitations
  2. Increasing social supports & decreasing social stresses
  3. Enhancing environmental resources & decreasing environmental pressures
36
Q

Stress can be lumped into what 3 categories?

A
  • chronic (living in poverty)
  • acute (death of a spouse)
  • ongoing daily aggravations (arguing with siblings)
37
Q

Define the process of coping with stress

A

The way in which a person handles stressful situations and the thoughts and emotions that they generate.

38
Q

Prevention programs to help people manage stress more effectively typically focus on what 3 areas?

A
  • identifying sources of stress
  • recognizing the physical and emotional consequences of stress
  • learning and implementing adaptive comping responses.
39
Q

What are the 8 components often included in stress management programs?

A
  1. Education about the causes and consequences of stress
  2. Training in methods to reduce psychological and physical arousal
  3. General problem-solving and decision making skills
  4. General cognitive skills
  5. Physical ways of coping with stress
  6. Time management
  7. Skills for increasing self-control and self-esteem
  8. Social skills

Professional Orientation to Mental Health Counseling (5 decks)

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