Chapter 1 - History and Professional Identity

Question 1

Describe community counseling

Answer 1

a type of counseling that favored a multifaceted approach, was developmental and educative, emphasized prevention, takes into account the effects of the community on the client, and that sought to empower clients through advocacy

Question 2

CACREP stands for….?

Answer 2

Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs

Question 3

In 2009, CACREP stopped accrediting what? What was the result?

Answer 3

In 2009 CACREP stopped accrediting Community Counseling programs because they lacked standards and overlapped with mental health counseling.

Community counseling and mental health counseling were combined into Clinical mental health counseling

Question 4

Professional mental health counselors emphasize what 6 things?

Answer 4

• wellness
• prevention
• personal growth
• psychoeducation
• treatment
• empowerment

Question 5

What are the 11 core areas covered in CACREP accredited mental health education programs?

Answer 5

• Diagnosis and psychopathology
• Psychotherapy
• Psychological testing and assessment
• Professional orientation
• Research and program evaluation
• Group counseling
• Human growth and development
• Counseling theory
• Social and cultural foundations
• Lifestyle and career development
• Supervised practicum and internship

Question 6

Describe the counseling field before 1900

Answer 6

• Counseling was informal and was characterized by sharing advice and information
• Counseling developed out of the social welfare reform movement, which aimed to improve the lives of people beset by the industrial revolution.
• Most early pioneers of counseling were social reformers and educators.

Question 7

Describe the counseling field between 1900-1909

Answer 7

• Frank Parsons, Jesse B Davis, and Clifford Beers were leaders in counseling development.
• Frank Parsons developed a theory of career decision making
• Jesse B Davis was the first person to set up a systematized guidance program in the public schools.
• Clifford Beers started the mental health movement in the USA.

Question 8

Describe the theory of career decision making developed by Frank Parsons

Answer 8

Parsons said that choosing a vocation was a matter of 3 factors:

• A knowledge of the world of work
• A knowledge of one’s self
• True reasoning to match the two together

Question 9

Describe the counseling field during the 1910s

Answer 9

• The National Vocational Guidance Association (NVGA), the first national professional organization in the counseling field, was founded.
• The first university course on guidance was established at Harvard.
• The Army Alpha and Beta intelligence tests were developed, to screen recruits
  >many of the army’s screening tests were used in the civilian world after the wars
  >Psychometrics (psychological testing) became popular and were increasingly used in vocational guidance