Chapter 6: Health Related Behaviour and Health Promotion

Question 1

abstinence-violation effect

Answer 1

A cognitive process whereby a relapse occurs when people feel guilt and reduced self‐efficacy if they experience a lapse in efforts to change their behaviour.

Question 2

conflict theory

Answer 2

An explanation of health‐related behaviour that includes both rational and emotional factors.

Question 3

extinction

Answer 3

In operant conditioning, a process by which a previously reinforced behaviour no longer receives reinforcement, making it less likely to occur in the future.

Question 4

false hopes

Answer 4

Nonrational beliefs that positive outcomes of a behaviour change are likely.

Question 5

health behaviour

Answer 5

Any behaviour people perform with the intention of promoting or maintaining well‐being regardless of the state of their health.

Question 6

health belief model

Answer 6

An explanation of people’s health‐related behaviour based on their perception of the threat of illness or injury and the pros and cons of taking action.

Question 7

motivated reasoning

Answer 7

Cognitive process whereby people’s desires or preferences influence their decisions about the validity and utility of new information.

Question 8

motivational interviewing

Answer 8

A client‐centred counselling style of leading a person to recognize the need to change a behaviour and to become committed to the change.

Question 9

primary prevention

Answer 9

Actions undertaken to avoid health problems before they occur.

Question 10

punishment

Answer 10

A process by which a consequence of an operant behaviour suppresses that response.

Question 11

reinforcement

Answer 11

A process whereby a consequence of an operant response strengthens or maintains that behaviour.

Question 12

relapse

Answer 12

Regressing to the full‐blown pattern of an unwanted behaviour after beginning to change it.

Question 13

secondary prevention

Answer 13

The cognitive process people use in assessing the resources they have to meet demands.

Question 14

self-management

Answer 14

Methods used in helping people gain control over the conditions in their environment that encourage undesirable behaviours.

Question 15

stages of change model

Answer 15

A theory of intentional behaviour that describes people’s readiness to change with five potential stages: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance.

Question 16

tertiary prevention

Answer 16

Actions undertaken to contain or slow the progress of damage from a serious or established health problem.

Question 17

theory of planned behaviour

Answer 17

An explanation of people’s health‐related behaviour. Their behaviour depends on their intention, which is based on their attitudes regarding the behaviour and beliefs about the subjective norm and behavioural control.

Question 18

willingness

Answer 18

A factor that affects health‐related behaviour; the more disposed or open people are toward engaging in a specific unplanned risky behaviour, the more likely they are to do so when the opportunity arises.