Chapter 6 - Groups and Organizations

Question 1

a collection of people who exist in the same place at the same time, but who don’t interact or share a sense of identity

Answer 1

Aggregate

Question 2

organizations that people do not voluntarily join, such as prison or a mental hospital

Answer 2

Coercive organizations

Question 3

formal organizations characterized by a hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labor, explicit rules, and impersonality.

Answer 3

Bureaucracies

Question 4

a clear chain of command found in a bureaucracy

Answer 4

Hierarchy of authority

Question 5

people who share similar characteristics but who are not connected in any way

Answer 5

Category

Question 6

small, informal groups of people who are closest to us

Answer 6

Primary groups

Question 7

a two-member group

Answer 7

Dyad

Question 8

the increasing presence of the fast food business model in common social institutions

Answer 8

McDonaldization of society

Question 9

an organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs

Answer 9

Total institution

Question 10

larger and more impersonal groups that are task-focused and time limited

Answer 10

Secondary groups

Question 11

a leader who issues orders and assigns tasks

Answer 11

Authoritarian leader

Question 12

the style a leader uses to achieve goals or elicit action from group members

Answer 12

Leadership style

Question 13

being oriented toward a task or goal

Answer 13

Instrumental function

Question 14

the theory that an organization is ruled by a few elites rather than through collaboration

Answer 14

Iron rule of oligarchy

Question 15

groups to which an individual compares herself

Answer 15

Reference groups

Question 16

large, impersonal organizations

Answer 16

Formal organizations

Question 17

a leader who is concerned with process and with ensuring everyone’s emotional wellbeing

Answer 17

Expressive leader

Question 18

the main focus or goal of a leader

Answer 18

Leadership function

Question 19

organizations that are joined to fill a specific material need

Answer 19

Utilitarian organizations

Question 20

the removal of personal feelings from a professional situation

Answer 20

Impersonality

Question 21

any collection of at least two people who interact with some frequency and who share some sense of aligned identity

Answer 21

Group

Question 22

a leader who is goal oriented with a primary focus on accomplishing tasks

Answer 22

Instrumental leader

Question 23

a group a person belongs to and feels is an integral part of his identity

Answer 23

In group

Question 24

the fact that each individual in a bureaucracy has a specialized task to perform

Answer 24

Clear division of labor

Question 25

a group function that serves an emotional need

Answer 25

Expressive function

Question 26

the extent to which an individual complies with group or societal norms

Answer 26

Conformity

Question 27

the types of rules in a bureaucracy; rules that are outlined, recorded, and standardized

Answer 27

Explicit rules

Question 28

a bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on merit—proven and documented skills

Answer 28

Meritocracy

Question 29

a group that an individual is not a member of, and may even compete with

Answer 29

Out group

Question 30

organizations that people join to pursue shared interests or because they provide some intangible rewards

Answer 30

Normative or voluntary organizations

Question 31

a three-member group

Answer 31

Triad

Question 32

a hands-off leader who allows members of the group to make their own decisions

Answer 32

Laissez faire leader

Question 33

a leader who encourages group participation and consensus-building before moving into action

Answer 33

Democratic leader