Chapter 3 - Culture

Question 1

direct, appropriate behavior in the day-to-day practices and expressions of a culture

Answer 1

Folkways

Question 2

an experience of personal disorientation when confronted with an unfamiliar way of life

Answer 2

Culture shock

Question 3

a way to authorize or formally disapprove of certain behaviors

Answer 3

Sanctions

Question 4

the standards a society would like to embrace and live up to

Answer 4

Ideal culture

Question 5

patterns or traits that are globally common to all societies

Answer 5

Cultural universals

Question 6

people who live in a definable community and who share a culture

Answer 6

Society

Question 7

gestures or objects that have meanings associated with them that are recognized by people who share a culture

Answer 7

Symbols

Question 8

the deliberate imposition of one’s own cultural values on another culture

Answer 8

Cultural imperialism

Question 9

tenets or convictions that people hold to be true

Answer 9

Beliefs

Question 10

the objects or belongings of a group of people

Answer 10

Material culture

Question 11

things and ideas found from what already exists

Answer 11

Discoveries

Question 12

the visible and invisible rules of conduct through which societies are structured

Answer 12

Norms

Question 13

a culture’s standard for discerning what is good and just in society

Answer 13

Values

Question 14

the way that people understand the world based on their form of language

Answer 14

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Question 15

a way to encourage conformity to cultural norms

Answer 15

Social control

Question 16

casual behaviors that are generally and widely conformed to

Answer 16

Informal norms

Question 17

a symbolic system of communication

Answer 17

Language

Question 18

shared beliefs, values, and practices

Answer 18

Culture

Question 19

the moral views and principles of a group

Answer 19

Mores

Question 20

the spread of material and nonmaterial culture from one culture to another

Answer 20

Diffusion

Question 21

the gap of time between the introduction of material culture and nonmaterial culture’s acceptance of it

Answer 21

Culture lag

Question 22

mainstream, widespread patterns among a society’s population

Answer 22

Popular culture

Question 23

the cultural patterns of a society’s elite

Answer 23

High culture

Question 24

the ideas, attitudes, and beliefs of a society

Answer 24

Nonmaterial culture

Question 25

a belief that another culture is superior to one’s own

Answer 25

Xenocentrism

Question 26

the practice of evaluating another culture according to the standards of one’s own culture

Answer 26

Ethnocentrism

Question 27

the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards, and not in comparison to another culture

Answer 27

Cultural relativism

Question 28

a combination of pieces of existing reality into new forms

Answer 28

Inventions

Question 29

the way society really is based on what actually occurs and exists

Answer 29

Real culture

Question 30

groups that reject and oppose society’s widely accepted cultural patterns

Answer 30

Countercultures

Question 31

groups that share a specific identification, apart from a society’s majority, even as the members exist within a larger society

Answer 31

Subcultures

Question 32

the integration of international trade and finance markets

Answer 32

Globalization

Question 33

new objects or ideas introduced to culture for the first time

Answer 33

Innovations

Question 34

established, written rules

Answer 34

Formal norms