Chapter 4 - Society and Social Interaction

Question 1

the act of implanting a convention or norm into society

Answer 1

Institutionalization

Question 2

how a subjective reality can drive events to develop in accordance with that reality, despite being originally unsupported by objective reality

Answer 2

Thomas theorem

Question 3

a way of organizing an economy so that the things that are used to make and transport products (such as land, oil, factories, ships, etc.) are owned by individual people and companies rather than by the government

Answer 3

Capitalism

Question 4

a situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness

Answer 4

Anomie

Question 5

societies based around the cultivation of plants

Answer 5

Horticultural societies

Question 6

societies based on the production of nonmaterial goods and services

Answer 6

Information societies

Question 7

a person’s beliefs and ideology that are in conflict with her best interests

Answer 7

False consciousness

Question 8

how strongly a person is connected to his or her social group

Answer 8

Social integration

Question 9

the awareness of one’s rank in society

Answer 9

Class consciousness

Question 10

a type of social order maintained by the collective consciousness of a culture

Answer 10

Mechanical solidarity

Question 11

the owners of the means of production in a society

Answer 11

Bourgeoisie

Question 12

societies based around the domestication of animals

Answer 12

Pastoral societies

Question 13

the idea that society is constructed by us and those before us, and it is followed like a habit

Answer 13

Habituation

Question 14

the laborers in a society

Answer 14

Proletariat

Question 15

societies that operate on a strict hierarchical system of power based around land ownership and protection

Answer 15

Feudal societies

Question 16

stress that occurs when too much is required of a single role

Answer 16

Role strain

Question 17

a belief that modern society should be built around logic and efficiency rather than morality or tradition

Answer 17

Rationalization

Question 18

societies that rely on farming as a way of life

Answer 18

Agricultural societies

Question 19

an idea that becomes true when acted upon

Answer 19

Self fulfilling prophecy

Question 20

the expression of a role

Answer 20

Role performance

Question 21

the responsibilities and benefits that a person experiences according to his or her rank and role in society

Answer 21

Status

Question 22

the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society

Answer 22

Collective conscience

Question 23

societies that depend on hunting wild animals and gathering uncultivated plants for survival

Answer 23

Hunter-gatherer societies

Question 24

a type of social order based around an acceptance of economic and social differences

Answer 24

Organic solidarity

Question 25

the status outside of an individual’s control, such as sex or race

Answer 25

Ascribed status

Question 26

the status a person chooses, such as a level of education or income

Answer 26

Achieved status

Question 27

an individual’s isolation from his society, his work, and his sense of self

Answer 27

Alienation

Question 28

an array of roles attached to a particular status

Answer 28

Role set

Question 29

a situation in which an individual is trapped by social institutions

Answer 29

Iron cage

Question 30

societies characterized by a reliance on mechanized labor to create material goods

Answer 30

Industrial societies

Question 31

a situation when one or more of an individual’s roles clash

Answer 31

Role conflict

Question 32

patterns of behavior that are representative of a person’s social status

Answer 32

Roles

Question 33

our reflection of how we think we appear to others

Answer 33

Looking glass self